SCIENCE 7 - Q4 - M1

• The equator is also called the great circle around the Earth that is equidistant from the geographic poles and lies in a plane perpendicular to the Earth's axis. It divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern hemispheres and forms the imaginary reference line on the Earth's surface from which latitude is considered. It is the line with 0° latitude

  
• Prime meridian


  The imaginary line used to indicate 0° longitude that passes through Greenwich and terminates at the North and South poles. It is measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds. It is used as the reference for all other meridians of longitude, which are numbered east or west of it. This also serves as the basis for the world's standard time zone system.

  
• Latitude


  The angular distance of a place north or south of the earth's equator. It is measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds. The greatest possible latitudes are 90° N and 90° S. Different latitudinal positions on maps or globes, equidistant circles are plotted and drawn parallel to the equator and each other. These are known as the parallels, or parallels of latitude.

  
• The first convention developed was latitude. This is based on long term astronomical observations about how the sun is perceived to move across the surface of the Earth.

  
• Longitude is a measurement of location from east or west of the prime meridian at Greenwich. It is the amount of arc created by drawing first a line from the center of the Earth to the intersection of the equator and the prime meridian and then another line from the center of the earth to any point elsewhere on the Equator. Longitude is measured 180° both east and west of the prime meridian.

  
• Relative location


  The location of a place in relation to other places

  
• Absolute location


  The location of a place in the world in terms of latitude and longitude

  
• The Philippines is bounded by the Luzon Strait to the north, the Philippine Sea to the east, the West Philippine and Sulu Seas to the west, and the Celebes Sea to the south. Neighboring countries are Taiwan to the north; the Indochina peninsula to the west, composed of Vietnam, Thailand, and Cambodia; Indonesia to the south; and Micronesia, Guam, and the Marianas Islands to the east.

  
• The exact geographical location of the Philippines on the World map is a range of latitude and longitude coordinates. The Philippines is located between 5° to 21° north latitude and 114° to 127° east longitude.

  
• The seven continents


  • Asia
  • Africa
  • North America
  • South America
  • Antarctica
  • Europe
  • Australia (with Oceania)

  
• The Pacific Ocean is the biggest and deepest of the five oceans. It covers three-eighths of the total surface of Earth's oceans. The other oceans are the Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean, and Southern Ocean.
• The major island groups of the Philippines

  • Luzon
  • Visayas
  • Mindanao
• Philippine landforms


  • Plains
  • Valleys
  • Plateaus
  • Volcanoes
  • Mountains
  • Mountain ranges
  • Hills
• Continents


  • Africa
  • North America
  • South America
  • Antarctica
  • Europe
  • Australia (with Oceania)

  
• Pacific Ocean


  Biggest and deepest of the five oceans, covers three-eighths of the total surface of Earth's oceans
• Oceans


  • Pacific Ocean
  • Atlantic Ocean
  • Indian Ocean
  • Arctic Ocean
  • Southern Ocean
• Oceanic trench


  Deepest part of the ocean floor
• You can locate the Philippines by being familiar with the continent in which it is found and with its neighboring countries and water forms

  
• Major groups of islands in the Philippine archipelago

  • Luzon
  • Visayas
  • Mindanao
• Philippine landforms


  • Plains
  • Valleys
  • Plateaus
  • Volcanoes
  • Mountains
  • Mountain ranges
  • Hills
• The Philippines is surrounded by different oceans and seas, and has other abundant bodies of water within the country
• Globe


  Used to illustrate the absolute location of places on Earth

  
• Archipelago


  A group of islands at sea or a sea with many scattered islands
• How archipelagic islands form

  1. Volcanic activity

  2. Underwater volcano erupts

  3. Magma piles up

  4. Volcano emerges through ocean
• Some archipelagos are formed due to erosion of larger landmasses, especially when the archipelago occurs very near a larger landmass
• The Philippines lies in the western Pacific Ocean, the largest and deepest ocean in the world that separates Asia and Australia from America

  
• The Philippines is an archipelago composed of 7107 islands, located in both the Northern and Eastern Hemisphere and along the Pacific Ring of Fire
• A globe is used to illustrate the absolute location of places on Earth

  
• Latitude


  Imaginary lines that divide the Earth north-south

  
• Longitude


  Imaginary lines that divide the Earth east-west

  
• Coordinate


  Location expressed using latitude and longitude

  
• The Philippines is located between 5° to 21° north latitude and 116° to 127° east longitude

  
• Bodies of water surrounding the Philippines

  • North:
  • South:
  • East:
  • West:
• The equator divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres

  
• The prime meridian divides the Earth into the Eastern and Western Hemispheres

  
• Locating areas on a map or globe

  Using latitude and longitude coordinates

  
• Coordinate 10° South and 150° East is located in the Southern and Eastern Hemispheres

  
• The Philippines is located near the equator

  
• The largest body of water located near the Philippines is the Pacific Ocean
• The Philippines is considered an archipelago because it is composed of many islands