part 2

• Infertility remains to be a problem despite the 110 million population in our country
• The fertility rate in our country is 2.50 children per woman in 2021
• The fertility rate of the Philippines was decreasing at a moderating rate to shrink from 6.15 children per woman in 1971 to 2.53 children per woman in 2020
• Infertility


  The inability to become pregnant after one year or 12 months of intercourse without contraception
• Women ages 37 and 38 are already at a critical stage when it comes to their ability to bear children
• There is 87% likelihood of infertility when they reached 45
• Men may also be the reason for a couple's inability to start a family if they have

  • Testicular disease
  • Sexual disorder which is the inability to produce enough sperm
  • Sperm transport problem
• Lifestyle can also affect fertility

  • Smoking
  • Obesity
  • Caffeine
• To identify the causes of their infertility, it is best for couples to seek the advise of experts who may also have suggestions for available treatments such as assisted reproductive technologies
• Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)


  Any fertility treatment, from medications to surgery, that manipulates the sperm or the egg to make pregnancy more likely
• ART works best with couples who have an issue with sperm or who have a diagnosis that makes it difficult for the sperm to fertilize the egg
• Women who ovulate infrequently may also benefit from ART, since an ART cycle greatly increases the odds of a successful pregnancy each cycle
• Assisted reproductive technologies are also viable option among couples who have unexplained infertility
• Types of ART


  • Artificial insemination
  • In vitro fertilization
• Artificial Insemination (AI)


  A safe, effective, and economical method of helping couples with infertility problems achieve pregnancy
• Types of artificial insemination

  • Intrauterine insemination
  • Intracervical insemination
  • Intratubal insemination
  • Intravaginal insemination
• Intrauterine insemination


  1. Sperm rinsing

  2. Egg making

  3. Insemination

  4. Pregnancy test
• Intrauterine insemination is the most common and effective artificial insemination type
• Currently in the Philippines, it costs around 20,000 pesos with the fertility medication
• In vitro fertilization (IVF)


  One of the most successful options, boasting a success rate of about 15-25% per cycle
• In Vitro Fertilization


  1. Stimulation of Ovaries

  2. Egg retrieval

  3. Fertilization of Eggs

  4. Embryo Culture

  5. Embryo transfer

  6. Pregnancy testing
• A recent study revealed a pregnancy success rate of 24% is caused by Intracytoplasmic sperm injection or ICSI
• An in vitro without ICSI still has a slightly higher pregnancy success rate at 27%
• Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

  Removes one or more eggs from the woman's body then a mature egg is injected with a single healthy sperm using a fine needle
• ICSI works best when there are serious sperm issues like very low sperm motility or very few quality sperm
• Many couples choose to pursue less invasive treatments prior to trying assisted reproductive technology
• Non-ART fertility treatments


  • Procedure designed to clear blocked tube
  • Treatment of underlying medical conditions such as insulin resistance
  • Hormones to support and encourage ovulation
  • Hormone treatments to address other issues in a woman's cycle