Lesson 6

• Sophia was granted citizenship in October 2017
• Sophia uses artificial intelligence, visual data processing, and voice and facial recognition
• Deep Blue developed by IBM in 1997 defeated World Chess Champion Garry Kasparov
• AI plays an often-invisible role in everyday life, powering search engines, product recommendations, and speech recognition systems.
• Artificial Intelligence is the capability of a machine to imitate human behaviour
• Artificial Intelligence refers to ability of a machine to learn patterns and make predictions. AI does not replace human decisions; instead, AI adds value to human judgements.
• In its simplest form, artificial intelligence is a field that combines computer science and robust datasets to enable problem-solving
• Augmented intelligence has a modest goal of helping humans with tasks that are not practical to do like reading 1000 pages in an hour. In contrast, artificial intelligence has a lofty goal of mimicking human thinking and processes
• What do AI do?

  • They calculate. They represent some of the newest, most sophisticated calculating machines in human history.
  • Some can perform what’s called machine learning as they acquire new data.
  • Others, using calculations arranged in ways inspired by neurons in the human brain, can even perform deep learning with multiple levels of calculations.
• To improve the performance of the machine, you expose it to more data to ensure that the machine is trained on numerous characteristics of each type of meat, such as size, shape, and color.
• Deep learning models eliminate the need for feature extractions. For your work in the meat department, you decide to use algorithms based on deep learning to sort meat by removing the need to define what each product looks like.

  Feature extraction is built into the process without human input. Once you have provided the deep learning model with dozens of meat pictures, it processes the images through different layers of neural networks. The layers can then learn an implicit representation of the raw data on their own.
• Analysis

  AI services can take in (or “ingest") enormous amounts of data. They can apply mathematical calculations in order to analyze data, sorting and organizing it in ways that would have been considered impossible only a few years ago.
• Prediction

  AI services can use their data analysis to make predictions. They can, in effect, say, “Based on this information, a certain thing will probably happen."
• Computer Scientists have identified three levels of AI:

  Narrow AI

  Broad AI

  General AI
• The date of Narrow AI is 2010 - 2015
• The date of Broad AI is Today until 2049
• The date of General AI is 2050 and beyond
• Narrow Al is focused on addressing a single task such as predicting your next purchase or planning your day.
• Examples of ANI:

  Smartphone Apps

  Chess and AlphaGo

  Image Identification Tools

  Speech recognition tools

  Self-driving systems

  Google Translate

  Spam filters
• Broad AI

  Rather than being limited to a single tasks, Broad AI systems are more versatile and can handle a wider range of related tasks.

  Broad AI is focused on integrating AI within a specific business process where companies need business and enterprise specific knowledge and data to train this type of system

  Broad AI systems predict global weather, trace pandemics, and help businesses predict future trends.
• Examples of AGI:

  Multipurpose systems

  Systems with human-level intelligence, reasoning, thinking, and decision-making

  Systems that synthesize diverse information and decide actions
• AGI covers more than on functional area, such as Reasoning, Problem-Solving, Abstract thinking
• Artificial Super Intelligence surpasses human intelligence
• Example of ASI:

  Systems that are masters at every skill, subject, or discipline and are faster than the smartest humans
• "Our  technology,  our  machines  are  part  of  our humanity. We create them to extend ourselves and that is what is unique about human beings"

  Ray Kurzweil
• Applications of Artificial Intelligence:

  Image Recognition

  Product Analytics

  A/B Testing

  Speech Recognition

  Language Translation

  Sentiment Analysis
• Applications of AI Examples:

  Siri

  cogito

  Netflix
• Effects of AI:

  Enhances Throughput and Efficiency

  Frees Up Humans

  Adds Jobs and Strengthens the Economy

  Enhances Lifestyle

  Supervises Learning for Telemedicine

  Solves Complex Social Problems

  Improves Demand-Side Management

  Benefits Multiple Industries

  Extends and Expands Creativity