J+H 2

• lean, long, dusty, dreary and yet somehow loveable

  Utterson is a serious-minded man with a respectable and serious profession. He is still "lovable" though.
• he was austere with himself


  Quote which shows that Utterson is, like a typical Victorian gentleman, strict about giving himself too much fun and pleasure.
• "Trampled calmly over the child's body and left her screaming on the ground. It sounds nothing to hear , but it was hellish to see."

  oxymoron— 'calmly' suggests Hyde had no compulsions over harming the child, and contrast between this and the screaming emphasises how callous he was. 'Hellish' not only tells us how awful of a sight it was, but links Hyde's actions to something evil or 'damned'. The sentence shows how there is no mercy in Hyde's actions, as well as highlighting the brutality of what Lanyon has witnessed. Already we become aware of Hyde's cruelty and vicious nature, even in harming an innocent child. This brutal incident foreshadows the violence and evil that Hyde continues to wreak throughout the novel
• it was like some damned Juggernaut


  simile - links to Hindu concept of a huge wagon which carried the image of the God Krishna. Worshippers were thought to throw themselves under the wheels of the wagon and were crushed to death. Shows brutality and violence. 'It' - Hyde's animalistic or even supernatural nature - something inhuman. - less evolved - Darwin's theory - against strong Christianity of Victorian London
• If you choose to make capital out of this accident,' said he, 'I am naturally helpless. No gentleman but wishes to avoid a scene,' says he. 'Name your figure.'


  Three things make this statement striking. First, Hyde says them immediately after trampling a girl. The idea that he would still be concerned about being a gentleman signals how truly strange he is. Second, Hyde suggests he is "naturally helpless." For such a creature to be concerned about what is natural is, again, very strange. Finally, the idea that others would want to benefit from the girl's suffering—and that Hyde would know it—is also striking. It suggests that no matter how strange he seems, Hyde understands the group confronting him, and they all share common interests. Even though Hyde represents an uncontrolled, impulse-driven side of Jekyll's personality, Hyde's cold calculation shows a level of repression. Hyde is trying to uphold his appearance as a gentleman, in accordance with the Victorian custom.
• with a kind of black sneering coolness - frightened too... but carrying it off really like Satan

  Oxymoron. Black = darkness/danger, Hyde's true character. Sneering = Hyde is happy with his destructive actions. Coolness = emotionless and has no care about his actions.
• "The very pink of the proprieties"


  best of gentleman - pink means the most excellent example of something; the embodiment or model of a particular quality.
• I am ashamed of my long tongue. Let us make a bargain never to refer to this again


  The two (Enfield and Utterson) agree not gossip anymore and let the past rest because they realize that they each have aspects of their past of which they are ashamed. Unveiling these secrets could be detrimental to their own, or others', statuses within society, and thus they choose not to debate others identities for fear of what might be uncovered
• "He began to go wrong, wrong in the mind"


  Lanyon details why he fell out with Jekyll and how he disapproved of the research he was doing. Repetition of wrong - indicates concept of science vs religion and how Jekyll's science possibly became too un-religious and something that would be shameful to Victorian society
• without bowels of mercy


  this allows the reader to instantly recognise him in a negative way as an evil character, Stevenson portrays him as an image of pure evil. He does this by effectively using emotive language. The phrase, "without bowels of mercy" creates an image of an evil looking person with a personality to match. He seems to lack compassion, human sympathy and a sense of morality.
• Pale and dwarfish


  Physiognomy suggests he is evil. Utterson's description of Hyde echoes Enfield's description. The characters that meet Hyde are all convinced that something is "wrong"with him but cannot pin point what it is. Seems inhumanm undeveloped - idea of Darwin
• "Snarled aloud into a savage laugh"


  Hyde has no regard or understanding of polite conversation - his behaviour is barbaric. Animalistic and unsettling p -'snarled'. 'Savage' - represents evil side of Jekyll.
• murderous mixture of timidity and boldness


  The juxtaposition conveys the strange mixture of personality traits Hyde possessed.
• something troglodytic


  A troglodyte is a cave-dweller, and the word is often used to mean a cave-man or type of troll - supernatural
• the pleasantest room in London


  Description of Jekyll's room. Irony and justaposition as Jekyll's room is a facade for the true sinful and ungodly experiments.
• Ay, it must be that; the ghost of some old sin, the cancer of some concealed disgrace.


  two examples of personification, ghost : connotations of being haunted or troubled by the past. 'Sin expresses the idea of religion and wrongdoing. cancer: implies something growing that is hard to eradicate. The adjective 'concealed' suggests secrets or mystery
• A large, well-made, smooth-faced man of fifty

  In the nineteenth century there was a popular belief that one could identify a person's nature from his/her external appearance. Faces and heads were regarded as being particularly useful in divining a person's character and this science has the name 'physiognomony'. Dr Jekyll's physical appearance is contrasted with Mr Hyde's. He is a substantial man, also having a 'large handsome face' . Stevenson provides Dr. Jekyll with refined physical attributes with view to directly contrasting them with the troglodytic appearance of Mr. Hyde. He taps into the association in the common mind that attractive features indicate goodness, integrity, kindness etc whereas disability, disfiguration, malapportionment indicate the criminal and untrustworthy.
• "Great flame of anger" (quote)

  Metaphor: Destructive, no care and showing no emotion. Foreshadowing death. Fire spreads just like Hyde's vicious actions. Symbolises evil. Danger to society.
• The stick with which the deed had been done...had broken under the stress of this insensate cruelty; and one splintered half had rolled in the neighbouring gutter'.


  This shows how horrific the murder scene was - how the weapon had splintered under the pressure and how it had been left in a gutter, as if it didn't matter. This image depicts the brutality of the murder. makes the reader despise Hyde for his cruelty and what he has done. The use of the word 'insensate' shows the reader how emotionless Hyde was while murdering another human being.
• "Ape like fury" (quote)


  An ape is a vicious animal and by comparing Hyde to this implies he is also aggressive. Brutal and uncontrollable, inhumane and low on hierarchy. Darwin's theory - suggests Stevenson's lack of belief about existence of God - controversial
• "like a district of some city in a nightmare"


  Mr Utterson now sees London in a different light, he sees it as an evil place shrouded in lies and false promises, he compares it to a place where a nightmare would take place, perhaps this is where Hyde is truelly from. Now duality has been introduced, reality - goes against all of Victorian London's morals and now everything is not the same. Shows the impact this has on society - goes against Religion
• A great chocolate coloured pall lowered over heaven

  Re-occurrence of fog and the connotations that come with it, the chocolatey colour could metaphorically come from the idea of Carew's blood being mixed with the dark grey colour of the usual fog that covers London. Links to the industrial revolution. Pall links to death links to evil which covers heaven representing the battle between good (religion) and bad (science - existence of Hyde)
• Henry Jekyll forge for a murderer!'

  angry that Jekyll is covering a murderer. Lost trust - calls by full name, not Jekyll. skips to assumptions, reader know's this isn't fully true - ironic
• Whilst he had always been known for charities, he was now no less distinguished for religion

  Religion is part of building reputation fitting in with society - why we see lanyon is so religious. 'known for chartites' which means that he was generous. The idea that he had "always been known" for this illustrates the acknowledgement Dr. Jekyll receives for his behavior. This acknowledgement of his generous reputation serves as evidence of Victorian values. Dr. Jekyll's generosity is tied to his religion. Stevenson claims he was "no less distinguished for religion." Dr. Jekyll's reputation now expands to include religious tendencies, and paired with his generosity it seems to be another positive trait. The reader can start to form what the expectations of Victorian gentlemen are in terms of morality.Ironic - Hyde goes against religion who represents natural inner evil and impulses. Puts on facade for Victorian society/
• deep-seated terror of the mind'

  Utterson thinks since Lanyon is a doctor, he has recognised signs of a illness and is afraid of dying. Another one of Utterson's wrong assumptions that distracts our attention from what is really happening. Makes reader wonder what it is - tension, something is clearly wrong 'deep-seated'. Mystery
• I mean from henceforth to lead a life of extreme seclusion


  mystery, can'y show himself to society, wants to live by himself, maybe because of lack fo control over Hyde, foreshadowing
• you must suffer me to go my own dark way


  Dr Jekyll's compelling descent into the degeneracy and evil of his double, Mr Hyde, is succinctly summarized in the revealing line to Utterson. This seems perhaps less a plea for understanding and acceptance, 'you must suffer', than a somewhat theatrical declaration of supposedly resigned truth. The burden appears to fall upon the reader( Utterson) to accept Dr Jekyll's moral life choice and strange indepence from other 'ways'. 'my own dark way' appears more than a little Faustian, suggestive of a journey that is both inevitable and ill-fated, yet perversely heroic too.
• If I am the chief of sinners, I am the chief of sufferers also

  we can link this to the theme of duality.jekyll recognises that what he's doing is wrong, to the point where he describes himself as the 'chief' of all these (a superlative in a sense, the sinners of all sinners). the reader can deduce the severity of what hyde does, despite much of what he does not being explicitly mentioned in the novel, instead leaving it to the reader's imagination. though we do know jekyll greatly enjoys being hyde and indulging in what he does, it also takes a toll on him- mentally and physically, for example, when enfield and utterson see hyde in that window he's described as a 'disconsolate prisoner', sharply leaving them when he feels the transformation of hyde happening to him. as hyde continues to take over, he becomes increasingly isolated and as a result unwell. it may also be considered a sin that jekyll created hyde in the first place, because he's playing the role of god.
• the smile was struck out of his face and succeeded by an expression of such abject terror and despair


  This highlights the change in Dr Jekyll's behaviour, as before this quotation, Dr Jekyll was happily talking to Mr Utterson. However, Stevenson describes a sudden change in Dr Jekyll's behaviour. The word 'struck' shows that Hyde's appearance has changed Dr Jekyll's behaviour instantly. Dr Jekyll becomes more erratic as the novella develops. Hyde is failing to hold control over Hyde.
• his face was white and his voice, when he spoke, harsh and broken


  Poole, usually calm and collected, is terribly affected by his fear. Emphasises the effect Hyde has on people - terrifying, completely un civilised.
• "weeping like a woman or a lost soul"

  Simile - Poole compares his master to a woman - emphasising on the idea that women were considered to be weak. Woman put on the same level as ultimate evil?
• "the body of a self-destroyer"


  Jekyll murders himself through Hyde. Destroying his reposition im society. Hyde's overtaking evil. The supernatural as the idea of committing suicide goes against the bible's teaching, ie the 'natural course' in life.
• a copy of a pious work...annotated, in his own hand, with startling blasphemies

  As Utterson and Poole examine Dr. Jekyll's laboratory quarters, more evidence of the Jekyll/Hyde duality is found. For example, they find a pious book which Jekyll had held in great esteem. Utterson is misled here. Had he remembered his assistant's, Mr. Guest's, analysis of handwriting — that Hyde's and Jekyll's handwriting was virtually the same except for a slightly different slope — then he would have realized that the vulgar and blasphemous annotations were made by Hyde — not Jekyll — and yet they are the same, thus emphasizing, ironically, the duality of man.
• there was something abnormal and misbegotten in the very essence of the creature


  Like other characters who encounter him, Lanyon instinctively feels there is something wrong with Hyde, something repellent. As he is a medical doctor, we might expect him to be more tolerant than other people of someone with a deformity or illness. His revulsion, like that of the 'Sawbones' in Chapter 1 (p. 4), is an indication that it is not just a physical aspect of Hyde that is repellent. By calling him a 'creature' , Lanyon suggests that Hyde is somehow inhuman.
• my soul sickened


  Sibliance - harsh - empathises the pure evil and horror which Lanyon saw. In one of Dr. Lanyon's last quotes in the novel, it is clear that Dr. Lanyon would like to repress the supernatural event he witnessed when Jekyll turned into Hyde. As a scientist in the Victorian era, Dr. Lanyon cannot reconcile what he has understood with his rational mind with his sense of morality.
• My imperious desire to carry my head high


  Dr. Jekyll's final letter reveals that even before taking the potion, Dr. Jekyll had two sides: an exuberant, pleasure-seeking side, and a reserved, position-achieving side with a need to keep up appearances. Dr. Jekyll deplored his tendency to an easy-going temperament that might hold him back in Victorian society. His position as a doctor required a superior attitude, fully in control of his impulses.
• I stood already committed to a profound duplicity of life


  Idea of duality in all man - In his letter, Jekyll reveals a strange truth about his life: He was already living a life of duplicity long before his personality split into Jekyll and Hyde. Living in the Victorian era, Jekyll was compelled to satisfy his appetites in secret and further repress them to preserve his reputation as an upright citizen. It is never revealed what "pleasures" Jekyll indulged in, so the reader is left to surmise to what degree Jekyll's character was composed of evil before it split.
• I have been doomed to such a dreadful shipwreck: that man is not truly one, but truly two


  Jekyll understands that everyone has two sides but nobody wants to see the other side which is why it comes out at night. Jekyll recognises the duality of human nature and recognises that this will ultimately destroy him. Destruction - sin to society.
• That in the agonised womb of consciousness these polar twins should continuously be struggling


  Jekyll is referring to his belief that all people are both good and evil, with one side constantly fighting against the other. He implies that a man is not necessarily good or evil, as he has the inherent potential to be either. Twins suggests we can't get rid of evil so we should learn to accept it, planted inside of us. Hyde might not be as evil as interpreted -locked up inside Jekyll and angry of mistreatment so kills Carew - sympathies with Hydes actions.
• felt younger, lighter, happier in body


  Jekyll describes how Hyde gives him a sense of freedom. It could reference Evolution and how Hyde is less developed because he is smaller and younger.