CLIN PHARM [LAB] GROUP 1 - CONTRACEPTION

• ___ encompasses various methods, including devices, medications, procedures, and behaviors, all aimed at preventing pregnancy.

  Contraception
• It grants women control over their reproductive health, enabling active participation in family planning. Its benefits include lowering maternal ill-health and pregnancy-related deaths by delaying pregnancies in young girls and preventing them in older women, both of whom face increased health risks.

  Contraception
• Additionally, ____ reduces the need for unsafe abortions and HIV transmissions from mothers to newborns by reducing rates of unintended pregnancies

  contraception
• FSH?

  Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
• LH?

  Luteinizing hormone
• CLINICAL PRESENTATION

  
  

  PATIENTS THAT USE CONTRACEPTIVES (2)

  1. Patients of reproductive age
  2. Women with Menstrual Issues
• PATIENTS THAT USE CONTRACEPTIVES

  Patients utilize contraceptive methods to avoid pregnancies (___ ___)

  Most common
• PATIENTS THAT USE CONTRACEPTIVES

  • Avoiding STDs

  Patients of reproductive age
• PATIENTS THAT USE CONTRACEPTIVES

  • ___ ___ have been used to manage symptoms of menstrual conditions through reduction of hormone levels

  Hormonal contraceptives
• PHARMACOLOGIC APPROACH

  2 Types of Contraception

  1. SPERMICIDE AND SPERMICIDE IMPLANTED TECHNIQUE (SIT)
  2. HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION
• PHARMACOLOGIC APPROACH

  • Most spermicides contain ___, surfactants that destroy sperm cell walls and block entry into the cervical OS.

  nonoxynol-9
• PHARMACOLOGIC APPROACH

  • They offer no protection against STDs, and when used more than twice daily, nonoxynol-9 may increase the transmission of HIV.

  SPERMICIDE AND SPERMICIDE IMPLANTED TECHNIQUE
• PHARMACOLOGIC APPROACH

  • Provides protection for 24 hours. After intercourse, the sponge must be left in place for at least 6 hours before removal

  Vaginal Contraceptive Sponge
• PHARMACOLOGIC APPROACH

  • Available without a prescription

  Vaginal Contraceptive sponge
• HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION (6)

  1. Oral contraceptives
  2. Emergency Contraception
  3. Transdermal Contraceptives
  4. Vaginal rings
  5. LONG-ACTING INJECTABLE AND IMPLANTABLE CONTRACEPTIVES
  6. Intrauterine Devices
• • contain either a combination of synthetic estrogen and synthetic progestin or a progestin alone

  HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION
• HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION

  • contain either a combination of ___ ___ and ___ ___ or a ___ alone

  synthetic estrogen, synthetic progestin, progestin
• CONSIDERATION COMBINED HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVES

  • Increase risk for ___ ___

  blood clots
• CONSIDERATION COMBINED HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVES

  • CI with patient who have: (4)MDPC

  1. Myocardial Infarction
  2. Deep Vein Thrombosis
  3. Pulmonary Embolism
  4. Cerebrovascular accident
• CONSIDERATION COMBINED HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVES

  • (4) DHOS


  Diabetes, Hypertension, Smoking, Obese
• Clot in the heart

  Myocardial Infarction
• Clot in the leg

  Deep Vein Thrombosis
• Clot in the Lungs

  Pulmonary Embolism
• Clot in the brain

  Cerebrovascular accident
• ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES:

  Common Composition of Oral Contraceptives

  1. 50 mcg Estrogen ___
  2. Sub-50 mcg Estrogen ___
  3. Sub-50 mcg Estrogen Monophasic ___ ___
  4. Sub-50 mcg Estrogen ___
  5. Sub-50 mcg Estrogen Multiphasic ___ ___
  6. Sub-50 mcg ___ Only
  7. Estrogen
  8. Monophasic
  9. Extended Cycle
  10. Multiphasic
  11. Extended Cycle
  12. Progestin
• EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION (EC)

  • progestin-only formulation containing levonorgestrel that is approved for EC in the United States.

  Plan B One-Step and Next Choice
• EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION (EC)

  • selective progesterone receptor modulator available by prescription

  Ulipristal
• EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION (EC) (2) PU

  1. Plan B One-Step and Next Choice
  2. Ulipristal
• • Highly effective when taken within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse, with decreasing efficacy over time.

  Plan B One Step and Next Choice
• TRANSDERMAL CONTRACEPTIVES (1) O

  Ortho Evra
• TRANSDERMAL CONTRACEPTIVES

  • Patch applied to the abdomen, buttocks, upper torso, or upper arm at the beginning of the menstrual cycle and replaced every week for 3 weeks

  Ortho Evra
• VAGINAL RINGS (1) N

  NuvaRing
• VAGINAL RINGS

  • On first use, the ring should be inserted on or prior to the fifth day of the cycle, remain in place for 3 weeks, then be removed.

  NuvaRing
• LONG-ACTING INJECTABLE AND IMPLANTABLE CONTRACEPTIVES (2) SI

  1. Injectable Progestins
  2. Subdermal Progestin Implants
• LONG-ACTING INJECTABLE AND IMPLANTABLE CONTRACEPTIVES

  • Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA)

  Injectable Progestins
• LONG-ACTING INJECTABLE AND IMPLANTABLE CONTRACEPTIVES

  • administered by deep intramuscular injection in the gluteal or deltoid muscle.

  Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA)
• What is DMPA?

  Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate
• LONG-ACTING INJECTABLE AND IMPLANTABLE

  CONTRACEPTIVES

  • Nexplanon

  Subdermal Progestin Implants
• INTRAUTERINE DEVICES (2) PM

  1. ParaGard (Copper)
  2. Mirena and Skyla
• ___ cause low-grade intrauterine inflammation and increased prostaglandin formation.

  INTRAUTERINE DEVICES