Civics Review

• Types of educational institutions

  • Normal and Vocational Schools
  • Colleges and Universities
• Colleges and universities


  • Colegio de San Ignacio
  • Unibersidad de Santo Tomas
  • Unibersidad de San Felipe
• Vocational schools established by the Spaniards

  • National Academy in 1820
  • School of Agriculture in 1829
  • Academy of Fine Arts in 1849
  • Honorio Ventura School of Arts and Trade in 1861
  • School of Arts and Trade in Bacolor, Pampanga
• The School of Arts and Trade in Bacolor, Pampanga is considered one of the oldest vocational schools in Asia
• Normal schools established


  • Normal School for Boys in Manila in 1865
  • Normal School for Girls in Manila in 1893
• The Filipinos were not given equal opportunities in education as most schools, colleges, and universities were only open to Spaniards and Spanish mestizos
• Only the primary public schools were open to Filipinos
• This deprivation instilled in the minds and hearts of the Filipinos that they had to strive further to be educated
• The Filipinos believed that education was one of the keys that would pave the way for freedom and development
• The Spaniards did not teach the native Filipinos the Spanish language
• The Doctrina Christiana, used by the Spaniards in teaching catechism, was originally written in Spanish
• Through daily study and memorization, the Filipinos learned the Spanish language
• Ladrino


  Native people who were well-versed in both the Spanish language and the native language
• Several Spanish words were integrated into the Filipino language
• Because the Spaniards did not allow the natives to write using the baybayin, the early Filipinos learned to write in Spanish
• Awit


  Literature about Filipino heroes belonging to the maharlika class
• Corrido


  Literature about legendary heroes who were brave, strong, and challenging
• The Spaniards also introduced different types of food such as menudo, afritada, mechado, relleno, caldereta, pochero, callos, and many other viands.
• The Filipinos also learned how to use cubiertos or utensils such as the spoon, fork, and knife together with the plate, cup, and saucer.
• The bahag, kangan, and putong which were worn by the native men were replaced by the camisa de chino, pants, slippers, hats and shoes during the Spanish period.
• The favorite pastime of the Filipino men during the Spanish period was Sabong or Cockfighting.
• King Charles I of Spain established the Council of the Indies to administer the Spanish colonies.
• The governor-general was the highest official in the Spanish government.
• The Royal Audencia was the highest court in the country.
• The residencia was a special court that looked into the abuses or crimes committed by the outgoing governor-general during his term.
• The visitador was sent by the king to observe and investigate the complaints against the governor-general and other Spanish officials.
• Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, who was given the title adelantado, was the first governor general of the Philippines.
• The last Spanish governor-general was Diego de los Rios
• The provincial government was called alcaldias that was governed by the alcalde mayor.
• There were also corregimientos or municipal government such as Mindoro, Masbate, Panay, and Aklan which were headed by a corregidor.
• The provinces were divided into or pueblos which were governed by the gobernadorcillo.
• Each pueblo was divided into barangays which were headed by the cabeza de barangay.
• The towns which were considered economically developed and active in politics were chartered into cities. They were called ayuntamientos that were governed by the city council or cabildo.
• The galleon trade was a trade between Manila and Acapulco, Mexico.
• Economic Programs of Governor-General Jose Basco y Vargas were the Real Sociedad Economica de Amigos del Pais, Tobacco Monopoly, Opening of Manila to World Trade, and the New System of Transportation and Telecommunication.
• The obras pias were established and were considered the first banking institutions in the country.
• The obras pias were managed by organizations called cofradias.
• The first Spanish bank established in the country was Banco Español Filiino de Isabel II.
• Fire The Out!


  Title of the study material
• The natives who refused to embrace Christianity were the farmers, fisherfolk, hunters, and forest workers