Microorganism

• What is Phagocytes?

  
  

  Phagocytes digest pathogens, part of the innate immune system
• Lymphocytes are types of white blood cells. They are responsible for the immune system. Helps your body to fight disease and infection.
• What does B cells do?

  What does T cells do?

  B cells: They release antibodies to kill the pathogens

  T Cells: they directly kill the pathogens.

  T cells are divided into two which are:

  • Cytotoxic cells: which is to kill the pathogens
  • Helper-T Cells: is to give signals to the other immune system to coordinate the pathogens. they use some chemical signals to do it
• How do Vaccines work?

  
  

  Vaccines contain weakened or inactive parts of a particular organism(antigen) that triggers an immune response within the body.
• What is a virus?

  Infectious organism which can replicate itself within its host.
• Created when a virus replicates, mistakes can be made and different types of viruses can be produced. What am I?

  
  

  Strains
• Examples of virus animal disease

  Rabies, Influenza, bird flu.
• Single-celled that can survive itself. Microscopic. There is good and bad. what am I.
• How are bacterial infections treated?

  Antibiotics
• How do bacteria reproduce?

  Bacteria reproduce through binary fission, where a single bacterial cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
• Which conditions are best for bacteria to reproduce in?

  Warm or Moist
• Does bacteria have nucleus?

  
  

  NO
• Does Fungi have nucleus?

  Yes
• What is fungi?


  Eukaryotic organisms include yeasts, molds, and mushrooms.
• what does useful fungi do?

  Mushrooms that provide vitamins and nutrients
• how are fungal diseases generally treated?

  Antifungal drugs.
• what is the meaning of lysogenic and lytic cycles in viral replication?

  Lysogenic: Viral DNA integrates into host DNA and replicates along with it. Lytic: Virus replicates immediately, destroys host cell, and releases new viruses.
• How do HIV viruses work?

  Usually, it's from humans when humans chopped chimpanzees' meat and it came in contact with their infected blood.
• What is macrophage?


  a type of WBC that surrounds and kills microorganisms, and removes dead cells.
• what is an innate immune system?

  Non-specific defense system.
• what is an adaptive immune system?

  An immune system that includes lymphocytes.
• does virus have nucleus?


  No.
• Mention 2 fungal disease and explain how it is spread.


  Fungus: Microscopic spores that are present in the air and soil.

  Mycetoma: Slow-growing infection through the lymphatic system and rare through blood stream.