LESSON 1 AND 2 (FINALS)

• Critical reading


  Not taking anything at face value, watching out for the author's limitations, omissions, oversights, and arguments in the text
• Critical reading


  • Reading with the purpose of critical examination of the text and its ideas
  • Applying certain processes, models, questions, and theories that result in enhanced clarity and comprehension
• Claim


  The most important part of the text, a sentence that summarizes the most important thing that the writer wants to say as a result of his/her thinking, reading, or writing
• Types of claims


  • Claims of fact
  • Claims of value
  • Claims of policy
• Claims of fact


  Inferences made based on data, documents, scientific observation result, and research
• Claims of fact


  • Based on sufficient and appropriate grounds
  • Reliable authority
  • Recent data
  • Accurate, typical data
  • Clearly defined terms - no loaded language
• Claims of fact


  • Polar bears are on the verge of extinction due to melting ice caps
  • Cancer is a common disease, but it is not contagious
• Claims of value


  Assertions about moral, philosophical, or aesthetic topics, trying to prove that some values are desirable compared to others
• Claims of value


  • Being present in the initiation rites of some fraternity is a degrading and humiliating experience
  • The game PUBG is infinitely better than Counter Strike: Go
• Claims of policy


  Specific and measurable actions that need to be done to address issues or concerns presented in an argument or proposition
• Claims of policy


  • A dress code should be introduced for all public high school students
  • Texting while driving should be an offense punishable by jail time
• Reasoning


  The act of giving statements for justification and explanation, the ability to defend something by giving out reasons
• Steps of critical reading

  • Identify assertions
  • Formulate counterclaims
  • Determining evidence
• Assertion


  A statement that you strongly believe is true, an insistent and positive affirming, maintaining, or defending (as of a right or attribute)
• Counterclaim


  A claim made to rebut a previous claim, providing a contrasting perspective to the main argument
• Evidence


  The details given by the authors to support his/her claims, revealing and building on the position of the writer and making the reading more interesting