UCSP LESSON 5-8 (4TH Q)

• a social phenomenon that occurs when individuals adjust their attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors to match those of a group, even if it goes against their own beliefs or values.

  CONFORMITY
• Can be motivated by various factors such as the desire to fit in with a group, the need for social approval or acceptance, or the belief that the group knows better or has more accurate information.

  CONFORMITY
• occurs when individuals conform to the beliefs or behaviors of a group because they believe the group has accurate information or knowledge.

  INFORMAL CONFORMITY
• occurs when individuals conform to the norms or expectations of a group to avoid social rejection or disapproval.

  NORMATIVE CONFORMITY
• can be useful in certain situations, such as in learning new skills or adapting to a new social environment.

  PROS OF CONFORMITY
• groupthink or the suppression of individual creativity and innovation.

  CONS OF CONFORMITY
• a term used to describe behavior that goes against the norms and expectations of a particular society or group.

  DEVIANCE
• a theoretical approach that can be used to explain how societies and/or social groups come to view behaviors as deviant or conventional.

  SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONIST
• states that we learn to be deviant through our associations with deviant peers

  DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION THEORY
• claims that deviance is a consequence of external judgements, or labels, which both modify the individual’s self-concept and change the way others respond to the labeled person.

  LABELING THEORY
• the idea that a person’s interaction with their environment causes deviant behavior

  ENVIRONMENTAL THEORY
• caused by psychological trauma, emotional scars, negative experience, and abuse are the main causes of negative behavior

  PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA
• is Erving Goffman’s term for any physical or social attribute that devalues a person or group’s identity, and which may exclude those who are devalued from normal social interaction

  STIGMA
• Including physical or mental impaiments

  PHYSICAL STIGMA
• signs of flawed character

  MORAL STIGMA
• membership in a discredited or oppressed group

  TRIBAL STIGMA
• when stigmatized individuals follow an orientation away from mainstream society and toward new standards that value their group identity.

  IN-GROUP ORIENTATION
• stigmatized individuals use this to negotiate everyday interaction

  passing or concealing
• small and close-knit circle of family members or of friends and like-minded people. groups with lasting relationships

  PRIMARY GROUPS
• large scale and may have membership in other countries. Companies, professional organizations, and corporations.

  SECONDARY GROUPS
• a cross between primary and secondary group. ex: social media

  INTERMEDIATE GROUPS
• your identity within the group is confirmed and you identity with that group

  IN GROUP
• no one confirms your similarity within the group; may feel a sense of competitiveness or hostility

  OUT GROUP
• this group determine reference points of expected behavior or norm; has strong influence on individual behavior and social attitude

  REFERENCE GROUPS
• set of relations, links, and ties; these are interconnections, ties, linkages between people, their groups, and larger social institutions


  NETWORKS
• 1. refers to the spread of information, ideas, or behaviors through a social network.

  DIFFUSION
• refer to the flow of resources, information, and support among individuals who are connected by social relationships. can take many forms, including material exchanges, such as the sharing of goods or services, and social exchanges, such as emotional support or advice.

  EXCHANGES
• can take many forms, including emotional support, such as listening or providing comfort, and instrumental support, such as providing tangible resources or assistance.

  SOCIAL SUPPORT
• refers to the act of being intentionally left out or ostracized from a group of people with whom one would normally be expected to interact.


  EXCLUSION
• a social unit consisting of one or more adults and their children, whether biological, adopted, or otherwise.

  FAMILY
• is typically considered the most basic unit of social organization, providing a framework for emotional, economic, and social support among its members.

  FAMILY
• primary group of people–usually related by ancestry, marriage, or adoption–who form a cooperative economic unit and care for any young who consider their identity to be attached to the group; and are committed to maintaining the group.

  FAMILY
• refers to the social ties and relationships between individuals and groups based on their biological or social connections.

  KINSHIP
• it is the system of social relationships that defines who is related to whom and how they are related, and it plays a central role in many aspects of social life, such as family structure, inheritance, marriage, and social organization.

  KINSHIP
• is the practice of men or women having multiple marriage partners. usually involves polygyny, one man having more than one wife

  POLYGAMY
• the practice of a women having more than one husband

  POLYANDRY
• sexually exclusive marriage with one spouse

  MONOGAMY
• the practice of selecting mates from outside one’s group

  EXOGAMY
• the practice of selecting mates from within one’s group. The group may be based on religion, territory, racial identity, and so forth.

  ENDOGAMY
• considered to be universal, is a cultural norm forbidding sexual relations and marriage between certain kin.

  INCEST TABOO