Nervous system

• The nervous system is the communication system of the body. It is made up of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
• Nerves are bundles of nerve fibers that carry messages to and from different parts of the body.
• Sensory neurons receive information about the environment and send it to the central nervous system (CNS).
• The function of the nervous system is to transmit messages to and from the brain to maintain homeostasis
• There are two types of neurons: sensory (afferent) neurons and motor (efferent) neurons.
• There are two categories in the nervous system ,CNS and PNS
• The CNS stands for central nervous system and includes the brain and spinal cord
• The PNS stands for the peripheral nervous system and is composed of all other nerves in the body besides from the brain and spinal cord
• The function of the CNS is to process information and form a response
• The function of the PNS is to relay sensory and motor information to the CNS and rest of the body
• The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion, breathing, etc.
• The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements
• Neurons have three main parts: dendrites, cell body, axon
• Dendrites are used to receive signals from other neurons or receptors
• The sympathetic division of the ANS prepares us for action or fight/flight responses
• The parasympathetic division of the ANS conserves energy during periods of low activity
• A neuron is an electrically excitable cell that processes and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals
• Axons transmit electrical impulses away from the cell body
• A synapse is a gap between the neurons
• The meninges is the three membranes that line the skill and vertebral canal
• The brain is the control centre of the body
• The forebrain includes the cerebrum and diencephalon
• The forebrain is responsible for emotions and complex thoughts
• The midbrain includes the mesencephalon
• The hindbrain includes the pons, medulla oblongata and cerebellum
• The midbrain is responsible for vision and hearing
• The hindbrain is responsible for vital functions including movement
• The frontal lobe is behind the forehead
• The frontal lobe is responsible for voluntary movement, planning, and decision making.
• The parietal lobe is located behind the frontal lobe at the top of the head
• The temporal lobe is on either side of the brain below the lateral sulcus
• The occipital lobe is located at the back of the head above the brain stem
• The parietal lobe is responsible for sensory information from touch, pressure, temperature, pain, taste, smell, and body position
• The temporal lobe is responsible for memory, language comprehension, and auditory processing
• The brain stem is located between the spinal cord and diencephalon
• The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for higher mental functions such as intelligence, memory, language, and consciousness
• Grey matter in the brain is made up of cell bodies
• White matter in the brain is made up of different axons connecting different parts of grey matter
• The brain stem is responsible for automatic survival functions
• The parietal lobe is responsible for touch, pressure, taste and bodily awareness