ch12.1-2

• Advantages of conserving the environment

  • Helps the finite resources last longer
  • Reduces greenhouse gas emissions and hence the effects of climate change
• How we can conserve the environment

  • Reducing the use of fossil fuels
  • Reducing consumption
  • Introducing environmentally friendly practices
  • Reforestation
• Reducing the use of fossil fuels

  As fewer fossil fuels are burned to generate energy, they can last longer
• Reducing consumption


  Reduces the need for new raw materials, such as wood, and minimises waste. This, in turn, reduces deforestation
• Introducing environmentally friendly practices

  Help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and, hence mitigate climate change
• Reforestation


  Trees help store carbon through photosynthesis, reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. Trees protect the soil, which also stores carbon
• Ecology


  The scientific study of interactions among organisms, and between organisms and their physical environments
• Ecosystem


  Made up of the interaction between a community and its physical environment
• Physical factors in an environment

  • Sunlight
  • Temperature
  • Water
  • pH level
  • Air
  • Minerals
• Sunlight


  Provides light energy for plants to carry out photosynthesis
• Temperature


  Affects the growth, activities, and survival of organisms
• Water


  Affects the lives of all living organisms, as living cells are made up mainly of water
• pH level


  Affects the types of organisms living in a particular area
• Air


  Provides carbon dioxide for plants to carry out photosynthesis and oxygen for living organisms to carry out respiration
• Minerals


  Substances that provide essential elements for the plants to grow healthily, such as potassium, nitrogen, and phosphorus
• Types of adaptation


  • Structural
  • Behavioural
• Structural adaptation


  A physical feature of an organism's body that helps it to survive or reproduce
• Behavioural adaptation


  A behaviour or a response shown by an organism that helps it to survive or reproduce
• Living things adapting in rainforests

  • King cobra
  • Stick Insect
  • Pangolin
  • Banded leaf monkey
  • Velvet tamarind tree
• Living things adapting in mangrove swamps

  • Pistol Shrimp
  • Kacang putih moth
  • Mangrove crab
  • Mudskipper
  • Mangrove trees
  • Mangrove snake
• Stable ecosystem


  When the interrelationships between organisms in a community are maintained
• Changes in environmental conditions in the ecosystem

  Disrupts ecosystems by changing temperatures and rainfall patterns, affecting organisms' distribution, behaviour, and survival
• Removal of any organism from the ecosystem

  Affects the stability of the ecosystem