M3: Topic 1: nutrition and energy

Cards (15)

  • Typical cellular composition
    • 80-90% water
    • Macro, micro and trace elements
    • Main macro-element is carbon which is used to grow microbes!
  • Nutritional requirements to grow organisms on medium
    • Carbon
    • Nitrogen
    • Sulfur
    • Phosphorus
    • Minor elements
    • Growth factors
    • Trace elements
  • Metabolic reactions
    The sum of all chemical reactions
  • Types of metabolic reactions
    • Catabolic "catabolism" – breakdown of chemicals and is energy production
    • Anabolic "anabolism" – biosynthesis of chemicals and requires energy
  • Enzyme
    • Catalyses metabolic reactions
    • Lowers activation energy
    • Determine what organism are capable in environments
    • Gene expression regulates which determine what grows where
    • Enzyme binds to substrate = complex which breaks bonds
    • Factors of enzymes: vary on conditions
    • Further outside the conditions = slower growth
    • Optimal range: 35 degrees
  • Cellular energy
    ATP which is from catabolic reaction that is generated by phospholyration of ADP
  • Ways energy is generated
    • Substrate level phosphorylation – pathway
    • Oxidative phosphorylation -ETC
    • Photophosylation - light
  • Conservation of ATP
    When energy is produced from catabolic process and used for anabolic reaction
  • Energy production
    • Produce through series of oxidation and reduction reactions
    • Synthesis of energy rich compounds
  • Oxidation
    Removal of electrons = donoroxides (hydrogen)
  • Reduction
    Gaining of electrons = acceptor (Oxygen)
  • Reduction potential
    • More negative = less energy = more donation
    • More positive = more energy = less donation
  • Energy sources
    • Light - Phototrophs use carbon dioxide as carbon source
    • Chemical - Chemotrophs
    A. Chemoorganotrophs: uses organic compounds like glucose
    B. Chemolitotrophs: uses inorganic compounds like carbon dioxide
  • Biogeochemical cycles
    Process used by organisms to obtain energy and do chemical work
  • Microbes based on carbon source
    • Autotrophs - inorganic carbon source – carbon dioxide - self-feeders - reducing
    A. Photoautotrophs – uses light
    B. Chemoautotrophs – uses inorganic source
    Heterotrophs - organic carbon source
    A. Photohertotrophs- uses light
    B. Chemohertotrophs – uses organic compounds