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General microbio
M3: Topic 1: nutrition and energy
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Typical cellular composition
80-90
%
water
Macro
, micro and
trace
elements
Main macro-element is
carbon
which is used to
grow
microbes!
Nutritional requirements to grow organisms on medium
Carbon
Nitrogen
Sulfur
Phosphorus
Minor
elements
Growth
factors
Trace
elements
Metabolic reactions
The
sum
of all
chemical
reactions
Types of metabolic reactions
Catabolic "
catabolism
" –
breakdown
of chemicals and is energy production
Anabolic
"anabolism" –
biosynthesis
of chemicals and requires energy
Enzyme
Catalyses
metabolic
reactions
Lowers
activation energy
Determine what organism are
capable
in environments
Gene
expression regulates which determine what grows where
Enzyme binds to substrate =
complex
which breaks bonds
Factors of enzymes:
vary
on conditions
Further outside the conditions =
slower
growth
Optimal range:
35
degrees
Cellular energy
ATP which is from catabolic reaction that is generated by
phospholyration
of
ADP
Ways energy is generated
Substrate
level phosphorylation – pathway
Oxidative
phosphorylation -ETC
Photophosylation
- light
Conservation of ATP
When energy is produced from
catabolic
process and used for
anabolic
reaction
Energy production
Produce through series of
oxidation
and
reduction
reactions
Synthesis
of
energy
rich compounds
Oxidation
Removal of electrons =
donor
–
oxides
(hydrogen)
Reduction
Gaining of
electrons
= acceptor (
Oxygen
)
Reduction potential
More
negative
= less
energy
= more donation
More
positive
= more energy = less
donation
Energy sources
Light
-
Phototrophs
use carbon dioxide as carbon source
Chemical
- Chemotrophs
A.
Chemoorganotrophs
: uses organic compounds like
glucose
B.
Chemolitotrophs
: uses inorganic compounds like
carbon dioxide
Biogeochemical cycles
Process used by
organisms
to obtain energy and do
chemical
work
Microbes based on carbon source
Autotrophs
-
inorganic
carbon
source
– carbon dioxide - self-feeders -
reducing
A.
Photoautotrophs
– uses
light
B.
Chemoautotrophs
– uses
inorganic
source
Heterotrophs
-
organic
carbon source
A.
Photohertotrophs-
uses
light
B.
Chemohertotrophs
– uses
organic
compounds