Chemistry

• An alkali is any base substance that dissolves in water
• A protective layer of mucus is formed to prevent the acid from attacking the wall of the stomach. This mucus also contains a lot of bicarbonate, which is alkaline (the opposite of acidic) and neutralizes the acid before it reaches the wall.
• The ph scale is an scale that measures the acidic amount of any given acid.
• 0 on the ph scale being most acidic and 14 being the most basic.
• If you add an acid to basic it neutralises
• Hydrogen ion is just a proton
• Each elements ion has the same number of protons as it‘s atomic number. (Boron, the 5th element on the periodic table, it’s ion would have 5 protons)
• Acids taste sour.
• bases taste bitter
• Both acids and bases are corrosive.
• Acid conducts electricity when dissolved in water.
• Bases are slippery
• Acid-base indicators are substances that determine whether a solution is an acid or a base primarily based on change in their characteristic colour.
• A composition reaction is the type of reaction where two or more reactants join together to form a single product.
• The general equation for decomposition reactions is AB → A + B
• The general equation for combination reactions is A + B → AB
• Combustion reactions require heat energy from a source such as a flame or spark.
• Combination reactions involve the formation of one compound from two or more elements, while decomposition reactions involve the breaking down of a compound into its constituent elements.
• The chemical equation is unbalanced when it doesn’t have the same amount of different atoms for the reactants and the product side.
• In combustion reactions, carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O) are always produced as products.
• To balance an equation, we need to multiply the coefficients so that there are equal numbers of atoms on both sides of the equation.
• The subscripts are the number of atoms of a given element, however the coefficient is the number of atoms in all the elements in the equation. We have to times by the coefficient so the equation doesn’t become unbalanced.
• A neutron is neutral
• An electron is negative
• A proton is positive
• Atomic mass= protons + neutrons in an atom
• An atom is mostly empty
• Protons=atomic number
• Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
• Shells= periods