Schaffer and Emerson 1964 attachments

• Developmental theories


  Outline a sequence of qualitatively different behaviours that change with specific ages
• Stages of attachment


  Identified by Schaffer and Emerson (1964), some features of the infant's behaviour towards others change as the infant gets older
• Schaffer and Emerson's stage theory

  • Based on a longitudinal study of 60 babies from a working-class area of Glasgow, observing them monthly for the first year and again at 18 months, and interviewing their mothers
• Separation anxiety


  How distressed the child became when separated from the main caregiver, suggesting an attachment has been formed
• Stranger anxiety


  Distress shown when the child was left alone with an unfamiliar person, suggesting the child can recognise familiar and unfamiliar people