drug release patters

• solid oral dosage form - refers to pharmaceutical formulation that releases their active ingredient or API over a specific period of time
• solid oral modified release dosage form - solid dosage form in which in drug release features are based on time, course, and location
• immediate release - designed to release the drug without any ratecontrolling features such as special coatings andother formulation techniques
• immediate release - Instantly disintegrating or dissolving tablets
• immediate release are formulated to rapidly dispersed in saliva
• minimum effective concentration - lowest concentration of a drug in a bloodstream needed to produce the desired therapeutic effect
• minimum toxic concentration - lowest concentration of a drug in a bloodstream that causes adverse or toxic effect
• area under the curve - total exposure of a drug in the bloodstream

  over time representing cumulative amount of drug into systemic circulation after administration.
• cmax - the time it takes for a drug to reach the maximum concentration
• modified release - designed to release the drug in predetermined manner
• drug release is usually designed to pass through the stomach unaltered, later to release the medication in the intestinal tract
• drug release is designed to protect a substance from destruction by gastric fluids or reduce stomach distress caused by irritating drugs
• targeted release - Drug release is distracted towards isolating or concentrating, a drug in a body region, tissue or site or absorption or for drug action
• targeted release is also known as particular body
• lag time - indicates the delayed absorption or release
• during lag time phase, the drug remains in the GI tract without being absorbed or release into the bloodstream
• repeated action - contains 2 single doses of a medication
• repeated action contains 2 single doses of a medication. one for immediate release and another for delayed release
• extended release - Designed to release medication in a controlledmanner at a predetermined rate, duration and location to achieve and maintain optimum therapeutic blood levels of drug
• medication with xr or er indicates extended release
• extended release is known for its prolonged duration which results to reduction in dosing, specifically once or twice a day
• extended release technology - rate of drug release modified by technologies based on modifying drug dissolution by controlling access of biologic fluids to the drugs thru the use of barrier coatings
• coating - acts as barrier, controls drug diffusion rate, and a chemical reaction or interaction between the drugsubstance or its pharmaceutical barrier and sitespecific biologic fluids
• coated beads, granules, and microspheres -

  Colution of drugs substance is placed on a small inert non pareil seeds or beads made of sugar and starch or non microcrystalline cellulose spheres
• multi tablet system - Small spheroid tablets of varying sizes having drug release characteristics are placed in gelatin capsule
• microencapsulated drug - Drug in solid, liquid or even gaseous form is enclosed in microscopic particles by formulation of the coatings of wall material around the substance
• microencapsulated drug is also known as wall materia
• embedding drugs in slowly eroding or hydrophilic matrix system -Drug substance is dispersed within a matrix composed of hydrophilic materials, As the matrix gradually dissolves upon

  exposure to biological fluids. it releases the drug substance at

  a controlled rate
• embedding drug in inert plastic matrix - Inert plastic used to encapsulate drug substance all-owing for sustained release over an extend period of time. Drug is dispersed within the plastic matrix and it is released by diffusion thru the polymer matrix or by erosion of the matrix
• ion exchange resins - Polymer based material that can be bind into drug molecules thru ionic interaction
• ion exchange resins mechanism allows prolong drug release and absorption
• osmotic pump - Sophisticated drug delivery system design to delivery drug at a controlled rate over an extend period
• osmostic pump is consists of drug reservoir surrounded by semi permeable membrane at a osmotic form.
• osmotic pump mechanism ensures precise and constant drug