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science prep3
biology
the main principals of heredity
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Merna Waleed
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Cards (20)
hereditary traits
: traits that are transmitted from one
generation
to another
acquired traits
: traits that arent inherited from parents, but are acquired through experience or environment
asexual reproduction
: occurs by only one living organism by
mitosis
, the new indiviuals have the
same
genetic traits as the parent
sexual reproduction
: occurs through
two
parents a male and a female
sexual reproduction depends on two main processes 1)
formation
of
games
2)
fertilization
genetics
: is the science that researches the transmission of he hereditary traits from a generation to another
the scientist
Mendel
was the founder of
heredity
mendel formed the experiment on
pea
plants
because
easy to be
planted
and grows
fast
its life cycle is
short
its flowers are
hermaphrodite
,so it can
self
pollinate
it can be easily
artificially
pollinated
it produces
large
numbers
in a generation
it has several pairs of
easily
recognized
contrasting
traits
main traits for a pea plant:
seed shape(
smooth
or
wrinkled
)
fruit color(
green
or
yellow
)
flower color(
red
or
white
)
stem height(
tall
or
short
)
seed color(
yellow
or
green
)
fruit shape(
swollen
or
sinuous
)
flower position(
side
or
end
)
the
second
generation is always
75
%
dominant
:
25
%
recessive
the
first
generation is always
100
%
dominant
the
principle
of
complete
dominance
:the appearance of a
dominant
trait in all the individuals of the
first
generation
hybrid individual
:a person who carries a different or contrasting pair of genes one
dominant
and the other
recessive
pure individual
:a person who carries a similar pair of genes either dominant or recessive
Mendels first law is called "
law
of
segregation of factors
"
the
recessive
gene is always
pure
hybrid x recessive =
50
% dominant :
50
% recessive
mendels second law is called "
law
of
independent assortment
"
when a tall stem red flower x short step white flower =
9
tall
stem
red
flowers
3
short
stem
red
flower
3
tall
stem
white
flower
1
short
stem
white
flower
dominant and recessive traits in humans:
curly
hair :
smooth
hair
black
hair :
light
hair
wide
eyes :
narrow
eyes
dimples
:
no
dimples
no
freckles
:
freckles
ability
to roll tongue : the
inability
to roll tongue
free
earlobe :
attached
earlobe
dark
eye :
colored
eye