Equine practice

• What must happen to a horse if they get a loss of use insurance claim?

  Freeze branded with an L - they can still be ridden just not the discipline they were doing
• What are the methods of euthanasia for a horse?

  1. Lethal injection - vet only

  2. Free Bullet

  3. Laceration of Aorta during GA
• If a horse is PTS using lethal injection, where can the body go?

  Has to be incinerated, cant go into the food chain or hunt kennels.
• What are the regulations with burying horses?

  Specific council regulations.

  250m away from borehole or spring

  30m away from water source

  10m field drain
• Who can consent to the euthanasia?

  Owner or police
• What drug is used to euthanise horses?

  Somulose
• What is the dose of somulose for a horse and a pony?

  How long is it injected over?

  25ml for ponies

  50ml for horses

  - inject over 10 - 15 seconds
• If you want to sedate before giving somulose what should you give?

  Detomidine or romifidine - not xylazine
• How do you check the horse is dead after euthanasia?

  Listen to the heart + corneal reflex
• What catheter is normally used for a euthanasia?

  14G
• What is the most pathogenic worm in horses?

  Strongylus Vulgaris
• How does strongylus vulgaris cause disease in horses?

  The migrating larvae go through the blood vessels causing inflammation and infarction leading to colic
• How long after infection are strongylus vulgars eggs produced?

  6 - 12 months
• Where do the adult worms of strongylus vulgars live?

  Caecum
• What is the most common cause of parasitic disease in horses?

  Cyathastomes
• Why are cyathastomes the most common parasite in horses?

  Don't get long term immunity + lots of resistance
• How do cyathastomes cause disease?

  emergence of the excisted lava damage the intestinal walls a lot
• Where do the adult worms of cyathastomes live?

  Colon and caecum
• How long after infection with cyathastomes will eggs be produced?

  2 - 3 months

  (can hypobiose)
• What animals are most commonly affected with clinical disease by cyathastomes?

  aged 1 - 2 and recently wormed horses
• What worms are most commonly associated with colic?

  Tapeworm (cestodes) - anoplocephala perfolita
• What horses have more susceptibility to tapeworm?

  old and young
• What is different about the life cycle of tapeworm?

  indirect - mites
• What is the most important worm in foals?

  parascaris spp
• What are the signs of parascaris infection in foals?

  Ill thrift and weight loss

  - migrating lava can cause respiratory disease and intestinal impactions
• What is the main risk factor for parascaris in foals?

  grazing with adults - eggs are resistant and last years
• Where does oxyuris equi live?

  Distal GIT then lays eggs around the bum
• What wormed covered the strongyle, tapeworm, ascarids, pinworms and bots?

  Praziquantel and moxidectin
• What wormer covers all types of worm?

  Equest Pramox

  
• What are all horses vaccinated against?

  Flu and tetanus
• Why do we use protequ flu the most?

  Clade 1 + Clade 2 protection
• Describe the vaccine schedule for equine influenza?

  1st = 6 months

  2nd = 4 - 6 weeks later

  third = 5 - 6 months later

  Annual Booster needed
• Describe the vaccine schedule for tetanus

  1st = 6 months

  2nd = 4 - 6 weeks

  Third = 12 or 17 months after the first (depends on brand)

  Booster every 2 years
• How do the rules of FEI change the flu vaccine schedule?

  need 6 monthly boosters
• What vaccines must a horse have before it competes?

  2 initial vaccines (+ 6 dats)
• When are pregnant mares given tetanus vaccines?

  4 - 6 weeks before foaling

  - passive immunity for foal for first 3 months
• When should a horse have a passport from?

  within 6 months of birth or by December 31st of their birth year (whatever is latest)
• Who can fill out a passport?

  Vets and people competent by PIO
• Who can microchip a horse?

  Vets only
• How to show a microchip in a passport?