perdev

• Exam Coverage


  • Stress
  • Powers of the mind
  • Emotional intelligence
• Parts of the brain

  • Frontal lobes
  • Temporal lobes
  • Parietal lobes
  • Occipital lobes
• Defense mechanism


  Unconscious psychological strategies used to protect a person from anxiety caused by unacceptable thoughts or feelings
• Types of test


  • Knowledge
  • Process
• Knowledge tests


  • Multiple choice
  • Modified true or false
• Process tests


  1. Arrange the sequence of events based on the theories of emotions

  2. Identify the defense mechanism committed by the main character in the given situation
• Everyone experiences stress every single day. We cannot escape stress. We will often encounter it at home, in school, and in other places, we go. Adolescents face many challenges and difficulties ranging from physical to social and emotional problems. Sometimes, stress becomes too heavy to bear that it gradually takes a toll on one's mental and emotional health.
• Stress


  A reaction of the mind and body to a stimulus that disturbs the well-being, state of calmness, or balance of a person
• Psychologists have agreed that small and periodic amounts of stress can be helpful and beneficial to individuals, while excessive amounts of stress sustained over a lengthy period of time can be destructive to both physical and mental health.
• Sources of stress


  • Managing new roles and responsibilities
  • Identifying personal strengths and weaknesses and refining skills to coordinate and succeed in these roles
  • Finding meaning and purpose in the roles acquired
  • Assessing and making necessary life changes and coping with these changes
• Common signs and symptoms of stress

  • Cognitive symptoms
  • Emotional symptoms
  • Physical symptoms
  • Behavioral symptoms
• Eustress


  A kind of stress that helps in promoting one's growth and development by providing sufficient challenges that allow one to become more resourceful and show initiative in problem-solving
• Examples of eustress


  • Traveling
  • Playing sports
  • Exercise
  • Meeting new people
  • Smaller challenges: excitement of a roller coaster or a fun challenge
• To say if one is experiencing good or bad stress, depends on several symptoms. Bad stress, or distress, may include negative changes in behavior, such as "feeling sick" when stress is already manifested in physical symptoms, lack of interaction with others, and or expressions of feelings of stress (American Psychological Association, n.d).
• Eustress keeps a person alert, motivated, and excited which results in improved performance.
• Defense mechanisms


  Unconscious psychological strategies used to protect a person from anxiety caused by unacceptable thoughts or feelings
• Components of the mind according to Sigmund Freud

  • Id
  • Ego
  • Superego
• Defense mechanisms


  • Denial
  • Repression
  • Projection
  • Displacement
  • Regression
  • Sublimation
  • Rationalization
  • Reaction formation
• Personal ways of coping with stress

  • Tackle the problem
  • Create a stress journal or include the topic in your personal journal
  • Develop a "stress relief tool box"
• Stress Tip Sheet of the American Psychological Association

  • Understand how you stress
  • Identify your sources of stress
  • Learn your stress signals
  • Recognize how you deal with stress
  • Find healthy ways to manage stress
  • Take care of yourself
  • Reach out for support
• The brain is a complex organ that controls all bodily processes, including thought, sensory perception, and physical action. Despite weighing only 3 pounds, the human brain contains as many as 100 billion neurons and 100 trillion connections.
• Frontal lobes


  • The frontal lobes are located directly behind the forehead. the frontal lobes are the largest lobes in the human brain, and they are also the most common region of injury in traumatic brain injury. The frontal lobe, where the primary motor area is located. this area controls voluntary movement in a contralateral manner (the left side controls the right side of the body, and vice versa). The frontal lobes are also important for expressive language and for managing higher-level executive functions. executive functions refer to a collection of cognitive skills including the capacity to plan, organize, initiate, self-monitor, and control one's responses in order to achieve a goal. The frontal lobes are considered our behavior and emotional control center and home to our personality. there is no other part of the brain where lesions can cause such a wide variety of symptoms.
• Temporal lobes


  • The temporal lobes sit behind the ears and are the second largest lobe. They are most commonly associated with processing auditory information and with the encoding of memory. The temporal lobes are also believed to play an important role in processing affect/emotions, language, and certain aspects of visual perception. The dominant temporal lobe, which is the left side in most people, is involved in understanding language and learning and remembering verbal information. The non- dominant lobe, which is typically the right temporal lobe, is involved in learning and remembering non-verbal information (e.g., visuo-spatial material and music).
• Parietal lobes


  • The parietal lobes are located near the back and top of the head. they are important for processing and interpreting somatosensory input which processes sensory signals such as touch, pressure, pain, thermal sense, and sense of body movements (k
• Temporal Lobes


  • Sit behind the ears and are the second largest lobe
  • Associated with processing auditory information and with the encoding of memory
  • Believed to play an important role in processing affect/emotions, language, and certain aspects of visual perception
• Dominant temporal lobe


  Involved in understanding language and learning and remembering verbal information
• Non-dominant temporal lobe


  Involved in learning and remembering non-verbal information (e.g., visuo-spatial material and music)
• Parietal Lobes


  • Located near the back and top of the head
  • Important for processing and interpreting somatosensory input which processes sensory signals such as touch, pressure, pain, thermal sense, and sense of body movements (kinesthesia)
  • Inform us about objects in our external environment through touch and about the position and movement of our body parts (proprioception)
• Occipital Lobes


  • Sit at the back of the head which is the location of the primary visual area
  • Receive visual signals from the thalamus and process visual sensations including color, form, and motion
• There is no other part of the brain where lesions can cause such a wide variety of symptoms
• Split-brain experiments


  • Conducted by Roger Sperry, who won the Nobel prize in 1981
  • Showed that the two hemispheres of the brain communicate with each other through the corpus callosum
  • Brain activity in each hemisphere is associated with certain brain functions
• Left brain


  Proficient at tasks involving logic, language, and analytical thinking
• Right brain


  Best at expressive and creative tasks such as recognizing faces, expressing emotions, music, reading emotions, color, images, intuition, and creativity
• Left Brain Characteristics


  • Logical
  • Detail-oriented
  • Facts rule
  • Knows object name
  • Reality-based
  • Practical
  • Risk-avoidant
  • Problem-solving
• Right Brain Characteristics


  • Uses feelings
  • Imagination rules
  • More on symbols & images
  • Intuition
  • Knows object function
  • Fantasy-based
  • Risk-taker
  • Presents possibilities
• Left Brain Activities


  • Mathematics
  • Essay Writing
  • Programming
• Right Brain Activities


  • Painting
  • Sculpting
  • Daydreaming
• Left Brain Careers


  • Mathematician
  • Reporter
  • Programmer
  • Business Analyst
  • Network Administrator
  • Scientist
• Right Brain Careers


  • Graphic-Design
  • Psychologist
  • Musician
  • Manager
  • Interior Designer
• Whole Brain Theory


  • Brain is divided into four quadrants, each with specialized functions
  • Quadrant A: Analytical (Technical, Factual, Logical)
  • Quadrant B: Sequential (Conservative, Organized, Structural)
  • Quadrant C: Interpersonal (Emotional, Social Learners, Spiritual)
  • Quadrant D: Imaginative (Visual Concepts, Innovative, Intuitive)