CELL-BIOLOGY (ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLS)

• Sub-cellular structures


  Structures inside cells
• Sub-cellular structures in an animal cell

  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Cell membrane
  • Mitochondria
  • Ribosomes
• Nucleus


  Controls the activities of the cell and contains the genetic material
• Cytoplasm


  Where most of the chemical reactions take place
• Cell membrane


  Controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell
• Mitochondria


  Where aerobic respiration takes place
• Ribosomes


  Where proteins are synthesised (made)
• Plant cells and algal cells contain all the sub-cellular structures found in animal cells
• Additional sub-cellular structures only in plant cells

  • Cell wall made of cellulose
  • Permanent vacuole filled with cell sap And a chloroplast which contains chlorophyll
• Cell wall


  Strengthens the cell
• Permanent vacuole


  Supports the plant
• Plants need to make their own food, so some of their cells contain chloroplasts
• Chloroplasts


  Absorb light to make food (glucose) by photosynthesis
• Not all plant cells have chloroplasts, for example root cells do not receive any light