P.135 - CHAP 6

• William James


  who described the idea of paying attention to some things while ignoring others
• attention


  process which results in certain sensory information being selectively processed over other information
• overt attention and covert attention


  two types of attention
• overt attention


  this attention occurs when you move your eyes from one place to another, to focus on a particular object
• covert attention


  this attention occurs when you shift attention without moving your eyes
• dichotic listening


  experiment that includes presenting different stimuli to the left and right ears
• shadowing


  procedure of repeating the words as they are heard
• cocktail party effect


  ability to focus on one stimulus while filtering out other stimuli
• Broadbent's flow diagram


  diagram that demonstrates several messages entering a filter unit, lets thru the attended message, and filters out other messages
• spatial attention


  attention to a specific location
• precuing


  experiment that determines whether presenting a cue indicating where a test stimulus will appear enhances the processing of the test stimulus
• illusory conjunction


  combination of features
• feature integration theory


  the idea that focused attention is not required to detect the individual features that comprise a stimulus, but is required to bind those individual features together
• preattentive stage


  the first stage in the feature integration theory
• preattentive stage


  this stage of feature integration theory allows analysis of object's features rapidly & unconsciously
• focused attention stage


  the second stage of FIT where attention becomes involved & conscious perception occurs
• binding


  prcoess whcih combines individual features
• visual search


  procedure that is used when we look for an object among a number of other objects
• feature search and conjunction search


  the two tasks of visual search are
• feature search


  searching for a single feature
• conjunction search


  searching for combination
• Anne Treisman


  created the feature integration theory
• fixation


  occurs when you pause briefly during scanning a scene
• saccadic eye movement


  a rapid, jerky movement from one fixation to the next
• corollary discharge theory


  the theory that the feedback we get from our eye muscles as our eyes track an object is important to the perception of motion
• motor signals

  corollary discharge signal

  image displacement signal


  the three signals associated with movement of the eyes
• motor signal


  occurs when a signal to move the eyes is sent from the brain to the eye muscles
• corollary discharge signal


  is a copy of the motor signal, so occurs whenever there is a motor signal
• image displacement signal


  occurs when an image moves across the retina
• comparator


  According to corollary discharge theory, the brain contains a structure called
• true


  TRUE OR FALSE: only the CDS or the IDS signal reaches it, movement is perceived. But when both signals reach the comparator, no movement is perceived
• corollary discharge


  information provided by the __ helps keep our world stationary as our eyes move throughout a scene
• corollary discharge


  deals with the snapshot problem by helping the brain prepare for what is coming next
• predictive remapping of attention


  Process in which attention begins shifting toward a target just before the eye begins moving toward it, enabling the perceiver to experience a stable, coherent scene
• visual salience

  interests & goals

  task demands


  3 things that influence visual scanning
• visual salience


  scene regions that are different from their surroundings, whether in color, contrast, movement, or orientation have ___
• attentional capture


  in which properties of a stimulus grab attention, seemingly against a person's will
• saliency map


  reveals which regions are visually different from the rest of the scene
• scene schemas


  an observer's knowledge about what is contained in typical scenes
• just in time strategy


  eye movements occur just before we need the information they will provide