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• THE IMPORTANCE OF EMULSIFICATION IN THE DIGESTION OF LIPIDS;

  emulsification forms small droplets which increase SA for lipase action so faster hydrolysis
• THE ROLE OF MICELLS IN THE ABSOPRTION OF LIPIDS

  micelles consist of fatty acids and bile salts which make them soluble in water. Micelles transport fatty acids across lumen to cells lining ileum
• DESCRIBE HOW PHOSPHOLIPIDS ARE ARRANGED IN A MEMBRANE

  arranged in a bilayer hydrophilic phosphate head faces towards outwards to water , hydrophobic fatty acid tail faces inward away from the water as its repelled
• HOW IS mRNA obtained from pre-mRNA

  spliced to remove introns
• HOW DOES RNA POLYMERASE JOIN NUCLEOTIDES

  condensation reaction between phosphate of one nucleotide and ribose of another releases 1 water molecule . Phosphodiester bond formed using ATP
• non-disjuction

  the failure of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I or sister chromatids in meiosis II to separate properly

  means gamete ends up with an extra chromosome whilst the other is missing one
• structure of chlorophyll

  
• THREE prokaryotic structures that are not always present

  slime capsule

  flagellum

  plasmids
• ADAPTATIONS OF PLANT GAS EXCHANGE

  many stomata on underside of leaf ;

  LARGE SA for gas exchange

  spongy mesophyll contains lots of air spaces ;

  leaves are thin so short diffusion distance
• TRANSLATION 6 marker