English exam

• Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary was assassinated on

  July 28, 1914
• Postmodernism


  • Embraces reflexivity and self-consciousness, fragmentation and discontinuity, ambiguity, simultaneity, and deconstruction
• Leading postmodern authors

  • Samuel Beckett
  • Jorge Luis Borges
  • Gabriel Garcia Marquez
  • Luigi Pirandello
  • Vladimir Nabokov
• Postmodernism reached its peak in the 1960s and 1970s with the publication of works by John Barth, Jack Kerouac, Joseph Heller, Kurt Vonnegut, and Thomas Pynchon
• Emperor


  Ruler of an empire
• Sonnet


  A poetic form consisting of 14 lines
• Concrete Poetry Concrete, pattern, or shape poetry is poetry in which the typographical arrangement of words is as important in conveying the intended effect as the conventional elements of the poem such as meaning of words, rhythm, rhyme, and so on and is also referred to as Visual Poetry
• A novella is a work of written, fictional, narrative prose normally longer than a short story but shorter than a novel
• Persuasion


  The act of changing the attitude or behavior of a person or a group toward an object, idea, event, or another person
• Techniques used in the language of persuasion

  • Assumptive adverb opener
  • Adverb intensifiers
  • Punch words
• Fallacies in language refer to the ambiguity of or lack of definite words or phrases used in expressing ideas
• Linguistic fallacies


  • Equivocation
  • Amphibole
  • Accent
  • Composition
  • Division
  • Endings
• Dependent variables are factors the researcher has to control, they require other factors to influence and cause changes, and are what is being predicted
• Independent variables are the factors which will have influence on the dependent variable/s, they are the variables expected on which might cause the change or outcome of the dependent variables
• Modernism Refers to neoclassical, enlightenment, assumptions
• Writers of 20th century

  Virginia Wolf

  James Joyce

  T. S. Eliot

  Ezra Pound

  Wallace Stevens

  Franz Kafka
• Postcolonial literature a body of work that has been influenced by the culture, beliefs, tradition, and mentality of a country that occupied another
• Persuasion act of changing the attitude or behavior of a person or a group toward an object, idea, event, or another person
• Assumptive Adverb Opener uses an adverb to make something trivially true
• Adverb intensifiers intensifies or amplifies the effect of the meaning and emotional content of a verb
• Punch Words using words that have impact that provides intensity to the message
• Fallacies in language


  Ambiguity of or lack of definite words or phrases used in expressing ideas
• Types of linguistic fallacies

  • Equivocation
  • Amphiboly
  • Accent emphasis
  • Composition arguing
  • Division
  • Ambiguities
• Equivocation


  Using a word or phrase in more than one sense, playing with a double meaning, or changing the connotation or meaning of a word in the course of the argument, all the while implying that the word means exactly the same thing all the way through the argument
• Amphiboly


  Using a statement which allows two interpretations either because of the physical grammatical structure (syntax) of the sentence or because a word or phrase can have two possible meanings, causing the entire statement to be understood in two different ways
• Composition 


  arguing (a) that what is true of each part of a whole is also (necessarily) true of the whole itself, or (b) what is true of some parts is also (necessarily) true of the whole itself
• Division


  (a) arguing that what is true of a whole is also (necessarily) true of its parts and/or (b) also true of some of its parts
• Ambiguities


  May have different cases or genders even though the case endings or gender endings are the same
• Dependent variable


  Factors the researcher has to control. They require other factors to influence and cause changes. It is what is being predicted.
• Independent variable


  Factors which will have influence on the dependent variable/s. These are the variables expected on which might cause the change or outcome of the dependent variables. These variables can be controlled by the researcher.
• Gabriel Garcia Marquez (March 6, 1927 - April 17, 2014) was a Colombian novelist and considered as one of the greatest writers of the 20th Century
• Gabriel Garcia Marquez was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1982 for his masterpiece “ One Hundred Years of Solitude”
• Jose Garcia Villa (August 5, 1908 - February 7, 1997) was a Filipino poet, literary critic, short story writer, and painter
• Jose Garcia Villa was awarded the National Artist for Literature in 1973 as well as the Guggenheim Fellowship
• Meaning of Doveglion Dove, Eagle, Lion