definitions

• active transport:

  the movement of particles through a cell membrane from a region of their lower concentration to a region of higher concentration (i.e. against a concentration gradient), using energy from respiration
• diffusion:

  The net movement of particles from a region of their higher concentration to a region of lower concentration (i.e. down a concentration gradient), as a result of their random movement
• Osmosis:

  The net movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential (dilute solution) to a region of lower water potential (concentrated solution) through a partially permeable membrane
• turgid:

  when a plant cell is full of water after water has moved in osmosis
• turgor pressure:

  pressure exerted by a fluid in a cell that presses the cell membrane against the cell wall
• plasmolysis:

  when so much water has left the plant cell by osmosis that the membrane peels away from the cell wall
• flaccid:

  when water has moved out of a plant cell by osmosis, the cell wall is touching the cell membrane but not exerting any force upon it
• haemolysis:

  the process where red blood cells take up too much water and burst
• crenated:

  the term which is used to describe the shrunken red blood cells