Basic Parameters and Assumptions ...

• ADG of Native cattle is 0.50.
• ADG of Crossbreed cattle is 0.60
• ADG of Purebreed cattle is 0.75 and above.
• The avage market weight of cattle is 380 kg.
• The breeding age for heifers is 2 years to calve at 3 years.
• Heifers can also be bred at 18-20 months to calve at 28-30 months provided that animals is physically well-developed and weighing 250-300 kg.
• Bulls ar bred about 2 years old or when bulls weighing 280 kg.
• In a 2-3 months pasture mating, a 2-3 year old bull may serve 10-15 cows.
• Olders bulls under 9 years old may serve 20-25 cows.
• In a single sire set-up, mature bull in good condition may serve up to 35 cows on improved pasture of 2-3 months.
• In hand mating, a bull in good condition may be allowed 3-4 services per week, or one service each day.
• 1:12-15 is the ration of Bull to Cow for 18 months old bull.
• 1:20-25 is the Bull-cow ratio for 2 years old bull.
• Calf crop in the first five years is 65%.
• Calf crop for the fifth year is 75 percent.
• Calf crop for the tenth years is 85 percent.
• The average calf drop is 65%.
• The dressing percentage for chilled carcass in cattle is 48%.
• The dressing percentage for unchilled carcass with head off for cattle is 50%.
• The average conception rate for cattle is 75%
• While in transit, average mortality rate for calves is 5% while that of adult cow is 2%.
• Productive life is the number of years an animal is able to produce, sustain and wean young animals.
• Cropping days for beef cows is 6 months.
• Bull replacement must be 10%.
• Bull replacement in multiplier farm must be 11-14%
• Bull loan must be 41-90%
• Culling rate for breeder cattles must be 15%
• Culling rate for junior bulls and heifers must be 10%.
• The approximate age of caraheifer at first mating ranges from 2-2.4 years.
• The breeding age for carabulls is 3 1/2-4 years.
• A 2 1/2 year old carabull may serve 20 caraheifers.
• In hand mating, a murrah buffalo bull can serve 15-20 females.
• A young carabullull (2 1/2- 3 1/2 years old) may serve 20-30 caraheifers.
• A 4 1/2 year old carabull can serve up to 40 caraheifers.
• The dressing percentage (head off) for buffalo is 48% based on its chilled weight.
• The dressing percentage (head off) for buffalo is 50% based on its unchilled weight.
• The mortality rate for buffalo during transport is 5-10%
• The weaning age for caracalves is 8-20 months depending on the condition and health of the animal.
• Best result s could be attained when does are bred on her second cycle after 8 months.
• Bucks are capable of light service at age of 8 months and should not be made to serve more than 20 does before they reach 1 year.