Chemistry

• A solvent is a liquid that can dissolve a substance.
• a soluble is a substance that can be dissolved in a solvent.
• the structure of the earth goes, crust, mantle, outer core, inner core.
• Igneous rock is made by cooling magma or lava.
• Diffusion is when substances spread out and mix together.
• insoluble solids can be separated from a liquid using a process called filtration,
• in a neutralisation reaction an acid reacts with a base.
• Exothermic reactions releases energy and the substance gets cooler whilst the surrounding temperatures increase.
• endothermic reactions are reactions that absorb the heat and make the surrounding temperatures decrease.
• distillation can be used to separate a solvent from a solution.
• a catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up in the reaction
• in the acidic and alkaline series, 1 is the most acidic, 7 is neutral and 14 is most alkaline.
• composite materials are conbinations of two or more materials.
• ceramics are made from clay and fired in a kiln to make them hard and strong.
• Glass and pottery are examples of Ceramics.
• Rubbers and ‘plastics’ are examples of a polymer.
• Most metals are solids with high melting points, are strong and malleable, and good conductors of heat and electricity.
• Non-metals are often substances with low boiling and melting points, are brittle and poor conductors of heat and electricity.
• The outer core is liquid, whilst the inner core is solid.
• Some gases in the atmosphere help to keep our earth warm.
• Chemical weathering happens when rainwater reacts with minerals in the rock and weakens them.
• Physical weathering happens when rocks are broken up by changes in temperature or by water freezing in cracks.
• in a pure substance all the particles are the same.
• in a mixture there are particles of different substances but they aren’t joined together.
• a solution is formed when a solid dissolves in a liquid.
• Dissolving is a physical change.
• insoluble solids can be separated from a liquid using a process called filtration.
• the reactivity series shows metals in order of how reactive they are.
• acids are found in many food and drinks, and give a sharp taste.
• Alkalis are a group of substances that have a soapy feel.
• Acids are a group of substances with similar properties.
• A base is any compound that reacts with an acid to form a salt and water only.
• different materials have different properties.
• Elements can be classified as metals or non-metals.
• reactive metals: Please Stop Calling Me Abi. P: Potassium S: sodium C: Calcium M: Magnesium A: Aluminium.
• least reactive metals: Please Get Some Clean Lead Then Iron Zinc P: platinum G: Gold S: Silver C: Copper L: Lead T: Tin I: Iron Z: Zink.
• 3 properties of a solid is fixed volume, fixed shale and are held together by string bonds.