ENGLISH (shine notes)

• South and West Asia

  • South Asia - India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Bhutan, Maldives, Sri Lanka
  • West Asia - Turkey, Iran, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Lebanon, Syria, Qatar, UAE
• Mahabharata and Ramayana


  Sanskrit epics
• Religions in South Asia

  • Hinduism
  • Buddhism
  • Jainism
• Pakistan literature


  Draws influence from Persian, Muslim & Indian
• Muhammad Iqbal


  Poet of the East
• Tanakh


  Hebrew Bible
• One Thousand and One


  Collection of Middle Eastern and South Asian stories/folktales
• The Creation and the Fall

  Book of Genesis, considered a prose narration developed by Hebrew writers to distinguish it from the archetypal epic genre
• Paganism


  Religion that has many gods/goddesses
• Hebrew Prose


  Middle English word "Ebreu", from the old French derived from the Latin word "Hebraeus", Ancestors claim to be the descendants of Abraham
• Past Perfect Tense


  Had + past participle, specifies an event that happened before another event was completed in the past
• Past Perfect Tense


  • Six days of work had passed before God rested
  • He had entrusted all his creations to the man
  • Women could have not existed if God had not created Eve
• Penninah Schram


  Storyteller, teacher, author, and recording artist known for Jewish oral traditions and has written 13 books of Jewish folktales
• Book of Ecclesiastes


  Old testament of the Bible, provides useful morals from experiences, possible date 180 BCE, Qoheleth (hebrew bible) = "Preacher", Ekklesia (Greek) = "Assembly or Church", meaninglessness living without God
• Born in London, Connecticut


  December 28, 1934
• Ecclesiastes 3:1-9


  A time for Everything, Time Always has an End
• Mensch


  Person with integrity and honor
• King Solomon


  Son of King David, Righteous King of Israel, Built First temple of Israel, Renowned in Christianity and Judaism for his wisdoms
• Three brothers' journey


  1. Oldest brother goes East to find magic glass

  2. Second brother goes West to find magic carpet

  3. Youngest brother goes South to find pomegranate

  4. They meet again 10 years later
• Verses in Ecclesiastes 3

  • Verse 1 - There's an appointed time for everything and a time for every affair under the Heavens
  • Verse 2 - A time to give birth, and a time to die; a time to plant, and a time to uproot the plant
  • Verse 3 - A time to kill, and a time to heal; a time to tear down, and a time to build
  • Verse 4 - A time to weep, and a time to laugh; a time to mourn, and a time to dance
  • Verse 5 - A time to scatter stones, and a time to gather them; a time to embrace, and a time to be far from embraces
  • Verse 6 - A time to seek, and a time to lose; a time to keep, and a time to cast away
  • Verse 7 - A time to rend, and a time to sew; a time to silent, and a time to speak
  • Verse 8 - A time to love, and a time to hate; a time of war, and a time of peace
  • Verse 9 - What profit have workers from their toil
• Religious Teachings


  • Tool for religious people (Faith)
  • Abrahamic religions (Christianity, Islam, and Judaism)
  • "The Magic Pomegranate" represents religious belief
• Wisdom Literature


  Takes its literary form from the Middle East, relates his experiences and draws lessons from them, self-critical, Attempts to pass on advice, warning, insight, or moral persuasion
• Mitzvoth/Mitzvah


  • Commandments in the Torah (Old Testament)
  • 613 Commandments (seeds)
  • Giving part of the self to help others
  • Parable teaches a moral lesson
• Vaistha


  Dasaratha's Priest
• Parables


  • Parable of the Pencil - Islam
  • Parable of the Poisoned Arrow - Buddhism
  • Parable of the Prodigal Son - Christianity
• Ravana


  Ruler of rakshasas (10 heads and 20 arms)
• Voice


  Indicates whether the subject acts or is acted upon
• Tataka


  1st ever demoness that they encountered
• Active Voice


  Subject is the doer and acts something
• King Janaka


  King of Mithilia
• Passive Voice


  Subject is the receiver
• Sita


  Daughter of King Janaka and Rama's wife
• Rules for changing from Active to Passive Voice

  1. Active voice is reversed

  2. Change in verb (3rd form of verb)

  3. Use the word "by"

  4. Change in helping verb/tense

  5. Express subject (pronoun) as object
• Vaistha


  Dasaratha's Priest
• Manthara


  Kaikeyi's servant
• Ravana


  Ruler of rakshasas (10 heads and 20 arms)
• Jatayu


  Ancient Vulture
• Biblical Poetry


  • The Bible has a lot of poems
  • Contains poems about praise, lament, and worship
  • Lyre is a harp-like instrument
  • Lyric poem expresses a personal feeling, is packed with meaning, full of emotion, and intended to be sung
  • Book of Psalms is a vast collection of religious lyric poems from the 10th century B.C.
  • Psalmois means "words that accompany the music"
• Tataka


  1st ever demoness that they encountered
• Shurpanakha


  Ravana's sister