Education

• % of GDP spending on Education: Cuba 13.6, Denmark 7.8, Barbados 6.7, Jamaica 5.8, UK 5.6, US 5.5, S. Africa 5.4, Bermuda 2.6

  2008
• % of GDP spending on Education: Cuba 12.8, Denmark 7.6, Barbados 4.7, Jamaica 5.4, UK 5.5, US 6.2, S. Africa 1.5, Bermuda 5.0

  2017
• Restricted Code


  Basil Bernstein
• Elaborated Code


  Basil Bernstein
• Modern education should be understood as a response to the economic needs of industrial capitalism

  Bowles and Gintis
• Purposes of modern education

  • Instill respect for authority and discipline into the labour force
  • Provide technical and social skills required by industrial enterprise
• Hidden Curriculum


  Ivan Illich
• Hidden Curriculum


  • Custodial care
  • Distribution of people among occupational roles
  • Acquisition of socially approved skills and knowledge
  • Learn dominant values
• IQ ranges


  • idiots 0-25
  • imbeciles 50-70
  • morons 70-80
  • dull 80-90
  • normal 90-110
  • above 110-120
  • very superior 120-140
  • genius 140-160
  • high 160+