Tqm - Ch.6

• refers to the specific arrangement of physical facilities

  Facility layout
• is an arrangement based on the sequence of operations that is performed during the manufacturing of a good or delivery of a service

  Product layout
• Four major layout patterns are commonly used in configuring facilities:

  Product layout, Process layout, Cellular layout, and fixed-position layout
• consists of a functional grouping of equipment or activities that do similar work.

  Process layout
• the design is not according to the functional characteristics of equipment, but rather is based on self-contained groups of equipment (called cells) needed for producing a particular set of goods or services

  Cellular layout
• Cellular layouts facilitate the pro- cessing of families of parts with similar processing requirements. The procedure of classifying parts into such families is called

  Group technology
• consolidates the resources necessary to manufacture a good or deliver a service, such as people, materi- als, and equipment, in one physical location.

  Fixed-position layout
• two sources of delay:

  Flow blocking delay and lack of work delay
• occurs when a work center completes a unit but cannot release it because the in-process storage at the next stage is full.

  Flow blocking delay
• occurs whenever one stage completes work and no units from the previous stage are awaiting processing

  Lack of work delay
• A ______is a product lay- out dedicated to combining the components of a good or service that has been created previously.

  Assembly line
• is a technique to group tasks among workstations so that each workstation has in the ideal case-the same amount of work.

  Assembly line balancing
• is the inter val between successive outputs coming off the assembly line.

  Cycle time
• is the set of tasks an individual performs.

  Job
• involves determining the specific job tasks and responsibilities, the work environment, and the methods by which the tasks will be carried out to meet the goals of operations.

  Jobs design
• The relationships between the technology of operations and the social/psychological aspects of work has been understood since the 1950s. It is known as the

  Socio Technical approach
• is the horizontal expansion of the job to give the worker more variety-although not necessarily more responsibility

  Job enlargement
• is vertical expansion of job duties to give the worker more responsibility.

  Job enrichment
• is concerned with improving productivity and safety by designing workplaces, equipment, instruments, computers, workstations, and so on that take into account the physical capabilities of people.

  Ergonomics