Mitosis and Meiosis

• Somatic cell- From the body of organisms
• Somatic cell maintain life processes
• Reproductive cell is a production of offspring
• Eggs and sperm cell are known as gametes
• Cell cycle is a life of a cell
• Cell cycle from its origin in the division of parent cell until its own division into two cells
• Why do cells divide?

  Asexual reproduction, growth, renewal and pair
• What are the cell cycle stages?


  Gap 1, S Phase, Gap 2
• Mitotic phase involves in karyokinesis
• Mitosis is a duplicate of the cell cycle, where the cell divides into two identical cells.
• Cytokinesis: the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.
• G1 phase: cell grows and carries out normal metabolism; organelles duplicate
• G1 phase: The cell larges and there is a synthesis of proteins
• S phase: Growth and DNA replication are the 2 stage.
• S phase: DNA replication and chromosome duplication
• G2: Cell grows and prepares for mitosis
• G2 phase: Characterized by growth and preparation in mitosis
• G0: Cell will leave the cycle and quit dividing
• G0: Centrioles separate into two pairs
• G0: Proteins required for mitosis are synthesized
• G0: RNA required to direct protein synthesis necessary for mitosis is synthesized
• Prophase: Condensation of chromosomes
• Prophase; Disappearance of nuclear membrane
• Prophase: Movement of the centrioles on the opposite poles
• Prophase: Chromatin thickens into chromosomes
• Prophase: Centriole pairs move to opposite ends of the cell
• Prophase: Spindle fibers begin to form
• Early prophase: The cell starts to break down some structures and build others up.
• Early prophase: Setting the stage for division of the chromosomes.
• Late prophase: The nuclear envelope breaks down and the chromosomes are fully condensed.
• Late prophase: Mitotic spindle grows and the microtubules grows more
• Metaphase: Chromosomes align along the metaphase plate
• Metaphase: Chromosomes attached to the spindle through kinetochores
• Anaphase: Paired chromosomes separate and move opposite sides of the cell
• Anaphase: Separation of centromeres
• Anaphase: Separated chromosomes are called daughter chromosomes
• Early anaphase: The chromatids abruptly separate and move towards the spindle poles
• Late anaphase: the spindle poles move apart as interpolar microtubules elongate and slide past one another
• Nondisjunction: They do not separate
• Nondisjunction: After division, there are more chromosome in one cell than the other