Dietary guidelines

• Purpose of nutritional guidelines


  • Encourage people to improve their eating habits and their health
  • Encourage people to take into exercise
  • Reduce risk of diseases like heart disease/obesity
• Current nutritional guidelines


  • Drink 8 glasses of water a day
  • Use food pyramid to guide nutrition
  • Eat a wide variety of foods from the main food groups
  • Avoid processed foods, salt and sugar
  • Eat less saturated fat
  • Avoid grilling food, instead steam, boil
  • Intake calcium and iron rich foods
  • Increase fibre intake to 30g per day, choose whole grains
• Well-balanced diet


  Contains all the correct nutrients in the correct proportions for each individual
• Nutrients needed for children

  • Protein for growth and repair
• Nutrients needed for adolescents

  • Protein for growth and hormone production
  • Carbohydrates for energy production
• Fats


  Concentrated source of energy and essential fatty acids
• Fibre


  Prevents constipation
• Benefits of Vitamin C

  • Prevents constipation and bowel issues
  • Prevents anaemia, great for overall health
  • Aids absorption of iron and healing
• Vitamin D


  Aids absorption of calcium
• Water

  Prevents dehydration
• Calcium


  Promotes healthy bones and teeth
• Iodine

  • Promotes healthy skin, hair and nails
  • Prevents goitre
• Sexual reproduction


  Formation of new individuals by the fusion of 2 gametes to form zygote
• Meiosis


  A form of cell division in which a nucleus divides into 4 nuclei, each with half the original number of chromosomes
• Haploid


  Having a single set of chromosomes
• Diploid


  Having two complete sets of chromosomes
• Homozygous


  Having two identical alleles for a particular gene
• Heterozygous


  Having two different alleles for a particular gene
• Dominance


  When one allele masks the expression of a recessive allele
• Recessiveness


  When an allele is only expressed when in a homozygous state
• Phenotype


  The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism
• Genotype


  The genetic makeup of an organism
• Sex linkage


  Characteristics controlled by genes located on the X chromosome
• Linkage


  Genes located on the same chromosome
• Contingency is the appearance of unexpected features in offspring
• Progeney are the offspring produced