Chap 10. The Cardiovascular System

• Cardiovascular system


  Responsible for distributing nutrients to cells and tissues throughout the body and for transporting waste products from the tissues to the organs
• Heart


  Muscular organ that pumps blood to all parts of the body
• Heart chambers


  • Right atrium
  • Left atrium
  • Right ventricle
  • Left ventricle
• Tricuspid Valve


  Located between the right atrium and right ventricle
• Bicuspid Valve


  Located between the left atrium and left ventricle
• Semilunar Valves


  Located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and between the left ventricle and the aorta
• Layers of the Heart

  • Pericardium
  • Visceral Layer
  • Parietal Layer
• Pericardium


  Two-layer sac covering the heart that is filled with Pericardial fluid
• Visceral Layer


  Lies closest to the myocardium
• Parietal Layer


  Lines the pericardium
• Myocardium


  Middle, thick, muscular layer
• Endocardium


  Inner lining of the heart
• Blood vessels


  Tube-like structures that carry blood throughout the body
• Arteries


  Carry blood containing oxygen and other nutrients away from the heart of the cells
• Arterioles


  Smallest arteries
• Aorta


  Largest artery in the body
• Veins


  Carry blood containing carbon dioxide and other waste products to the heart
• Venules


  Smallest veins
• Venae Cavae


  Largest veins in the body (superior vena cava and inferior vena cava)
• Capillaries


  Connect arterioles with venules
• Components of the heart

  • Layers
  • Chambers
  • Valves
• Pericardium


  A fluid-filled sac that is enclosed in the heart
• Endocardium


  Inner layer of the heart, lining the chambers and covering the valves
• Epicardium


  Outer layer of the heart
• Myocardium


  Actual heart muscle and makes up the thick middle layer
• Atrium


  The left and right Atria (atrium is the singular form) are the two upper heart chambers serving as receiving stations for blood. Valves connect each atrium to the ventricles below
• Ventricles


  The right and left ventricles are thick, lower chambers and are responsible for pumping blood. The Atria receive blood from the body, and the ventricles pump blood back out into the body.
• Septa


  The four heart chambers are separated by membranes
• Interatrial Septum


  Separates the two atria
• Interventricular septum


  Separates the two ventricle chambers
• Valves


  Are the gatekeepers of the heart, making sure the blood flows in the correct direction
• Bicuspid Valve


  This valve has two flaps
• Pulmonary semilunar valve and aortic semilunar valve

  Both have a half moon shape, thus being named from semi (part) and lunar (moon)
• Tricuspid Valve


  This valve has three flaps, keeping blood moving forward
• Cardiology


  The study of the heart
• Sphygmoscopy


  Examination of the pulse
• Valvulitis


  Inflammation of the valve
• Angiography


  Visualization of the blood vessels
• Arteriostenosis


  Narrowing of the arteries
• Phlebitis


  Inflammation of the vein