Cavite Mutiny

• 1872 CAVITE MUTINY

  • In 1872, two of the most historic events in our nation's history transpired: the Cavite Mutiny and the execution of the three martyr priest Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora.
  • Direct influence and awakened the spirit of the nationalism among Filipinos.
  • The foundations of the Philippine revolution against Spain from 1896 until the end of the 19th century.
  • Prof. Xiao Chua’s brief discussion with the title “Ang Pag-aaklas sa Cavite (Cavite Mutiny)”
• 1872 CAVITE MUTINY

  • Fateful evening of January 20, 1872 when din of rifle shots broke the silence in the government arsenal’s artillery shops in Cavite.
  • It spread southeast, at Fort San Felipe. At that night, said fort was guarded a detachment with one lieutenant, two sergeants, one cavalry troop, four corporals, and thirty-two soldiers. They were all Filipinos except for the lieutenant and one sergeant.
• 1872 CAVITE MUTINY

  • On January 20, 1872, when the first salvo of gunfire where heard, 54 marines rose to join the mutiny. They kept a steady barrage of gunfire through their quarter‟s windows, wherein they shot two of their officers, a captain, a sergeant, and a guard.
• 1872 CAVITE MUTINY

  • The military governor mobilized 300 marines.
  • Deployed some to secure the jail, commanded others to situate themselves at strategic points, and the remaining marched with him to drive the rebel marines out.
  • The mutineers, in turn, took refuge at the nearby Fort San Felipe.
  • With two companies, the Spaniards assaulted the fort but failed to take it.
  • On January 21, 1872, reinforcement with 200 soldiers came with sufficient ammunitions and other necessities
• 1872 CAVITE MUTINY

  • Gen. Espinar, the shelling of the fort began but the cannon fire barely breached the walls. So, they marched inland and secured the jail, barracks of the marine regimen, and the tobacco factory nearby the arsenal. The exchanges of rifle shots were up until the evening of that day, wherein 21 mutineers lay dead.
• 1872 CAVITE MUTINY

  • The news of reinforcement from Bacoor urged Gen. Espinar to start the assault at six in the morning of January 22.
  • It continued until the evening until mutineers had fallen and cannon fires from their side virtually ceased. That was the time when the final assault happened.
• 1872 CAVITE MUTINY

  Gen. Izquerdo's Report (Account)

  • 41 mutineers were dead
  • 71 were sentenced to summary execution by the Council of War
  • 13 were executed as the others sentenced to 10 years imprisonment due to the “magnanimity” of the Spanish sovereign.
  • Arrest and punish the leaders, followers, and supporters of the failed mutiny (Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez, and Jacinto Zamora) and were sentenced to die through a garrote which happened in Bagumbayan three days after their trial.
• THE CAUSE OF THE 1872 CAVITE MUTINY

  JOSE MONTERO Y VIDAL

  • The Spanish authorities abolished the privilege that exempts the laborers of the Cavite arsenal from paying tributes.
  • The birth of the liberalization ideas and paraphernalia in the oppressed Filipino society. The powerful support of the native clergy against the enemy of the mother country (Spaniards).
• THE CAUSE OF THE 1872 CAVITE MUTINY

  GOV. GEN. RAFAEL IZQUIERDO

  • The motivation of the instigators such as the native clergy, mestizos, native lawyers. The protest against Spanish practice of not paying provinces for their tobacco crop
  • The usurpation practiced by the Finance department, mostly in documents, among the crop owners who sell their products a loss.
  • Filipinos plan to establish a monarch or a republic with Jose Burgos or Jacinto Zamora as the head of the government.
• THE CAUSE OF THE 1872 CAVITE MUTINY

  Trinidad Hermenegildo Pardo de Tavera

  • The dissatisfaction of Filipinos from the “draconian policies” of Governor Rafael Izquierdo. The prohibition of the Spanish authorities in the plan of Filipinos to establish a school for arts and trades.
• THE CAUSE OF THE 1872 CAVITE MUTINY

  EDMUND PLAUCHUT

  • General Izquierdo blocked the realization of the reforms suggested by the junta created by General La Torre like the opening of the Society of Arts and Trades, supposed to limit the growth of liberal teachings among Filipinos, in 1871. The mandatory service of Filipinos on the public road construction and paying of taxes every year, as well as in injustice that the workers in the Cavite arsenal experienced.
• Jose Montero y Vidal


  his account considered as the fullest account of the mutiny was hostile to the Filipino reformist aspiration.
• Gov. Gen. Izquierdo


  his official report exaggerated the mutiny and used it to implicate the native clergy.
• Pardo de Tavera


  His account, on the other hand, provided that Filipinos had not realized yet the idea of liberation from Spanish rule when the mutiny was staged.
• THE SOURCES COMBINED


  (1) the workers in the Cavite Arsenal as well as the native armies were disappointed when their privileges were abolished by Gov. General Izquierdo

  (2) Gov. Gen. Izquierdo’s strict and rigid policies made Filipinos to turn away from the Spanish government

  (3) the Central Government in Madrid failed to conduct a thorough investigation of why the mutiny had really transpired

  (4) the native clergy actively supported the secularization movement which enraged the friars

  (5) Filipinos responded on what they deemed injustices of the Spanish government.
• THE SOURCES COMBINED

  • In relation to the martyrdom of the priests, the sources corroborate to the fact that the mutiny justified their execution.
  • These priests, who were advocating for secularization of the clergy, were not the real instigators but Maximo Inocencio, Crisanto de los Reyes, and Enrique Paraiso. They were just exiled.
• THE SOURCES COMBINED

  • As perceived by many historians, this fateful day of February 17, 1872 was an attempt of the Spanish government and Frailocracia to instil fear among Filipinos–that they would not dare stage another uprising.
  • The events succeeding the fateful occurrences of 1872 would later on pave the way for the realization of the revolution by the Katipunan.