hist

• Antonio Pigafetta


  Italian explorer and chronicler who accompanied Ferdinand Magellan on his voyage around the world
• Ferdinand Magellan


  Portuguese explorer who led the first circumnavigation of the Earth, although he died during the journey
• Juan Sebastian Elcano


  Spanish explorer who completed the first circumnavigation of the Earth after Magellan's death
• Enrique


  A native of the Philippines who served as a translator for Ferdinand Magellan during his voyage
• Humabon


  The ruler of Cebu during the time of Magellan's arrival in the Philippines
• lapu lapu - A native chieftain in the Philippines who led the resistance against Magellan's forces in the Battle of Mactan
• Juan de Placenscia


  Spanish friar who played a significant role in the early evangelization of the Philippines
• Maharlika


  A social class in ancient Philippine society, composed of warrior-nobles
• Saguiguilir


  A term used to refer to the indigenous religious leaders in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period
• Namamahay


  A term used to describe the commoners or ordinary people in ancient Philippine society
• Mancocolam


  A traditional healer or shaman in the Philippines
• Osuang


  A term used to refer to the supreme deity or creator in ancient Philippine mythology
• Catalonan


  In the early Spanish colonial period, "Catalonan" referred to individuals who were converted and helped the Spanish priests in teaching and spreading their teachings among the Bisayas
• Mangagauay - also known as witches, deceive or pretends to heal the sick.
• manggagayoma -  class of witches called MANGAGAYOMA. They made charms for lovers out of herbs, stones, and wood, which would infuse the heart with love. Thus did they deceive the people, although sometimes, through the intervention of the devil, they gained their ends.
• 16. Emilio Jacinto: was an intellectual who played a significant role in the Philippines. He was known as "the brains of the Katipunan" and wrote the "Kartilya, ng katipunan," which served as a guide and code of conduct for the members of the katipunan, a secret revolutionary society founded in July 1892 with the goal of Philippine independence
• Andres Bonifacio


  Architect and father of the first nationalist revolution in Asia, known as the Filipino Revolution of 1896. Led the uprising against Spain, which resulted in the emancipation of the Filipino people who had been colonized and abused for over 300 years.
• Kartilla ng katipunan


  A guide and code of conduct written by Emilio Jacinto for the members of the Katipunan. It served as a moral compass and provided principles for the members to follow in their pursuit of Philippine independence.
• Decalogue


  A set of principles or rules initially used by the Katipunan, a Filipino revolutionary society. Eventually replaced by Emilio Jacinto's "Kartilya ng Katipunan" which was considered superior by Andres Bonifacio, the leader of the Katipunan.
• Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista


  A Filipino lawyer and statesman who played a significant role in the Philippine Revolution against Spain. One of the authors of the Malolos Constitution, which established the First Philippine Republic and the Act of Declaration of the Philippine Independence.
• Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy


  A Filipino revolutionary leader and the first President of the Philippines. Played a crucial role in the Philippine Revolution against Spain and the Philippine-American War.
• Miguel Lopez de Legaspi


  A Spanish conquistador who led the expedition that established the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines, known as Manita. Served as the first Governor-General of the Spanish East Indies.
• Jaime Cardinal Sin


  The 30th Roman Catholic Archbishop of Manila. Played a significant role in the historic and peaceful 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution in the Philippines. Instrumental in the defeat of the Marcos regime and the installation of Corazon Aquino as president.
• Jose P. Rizal


  A Filipino nationalist and polymath who played a crucial role in the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial rule. Considered a national hero in the Philippines and known for his writings that advocated for Filipino independence and social reforms.
• Ruy Lopez de Villalobos


  A Spanish explorer who led a failed attempt to colonize the Philippines in 1544.
• Mr. L.M Johnson - The 21-page declaration was signed by 98 Filipinos, appointed by Aguinaldo, and one retired American artillery officer, Colonel L. M. Johnson
• Alfred McCoy


  American historian and author who specializes in the study of Southeast Asia, particularly the Philippines. He has written extensively on the history, politics, and culture of the Philippines, including topics such as colonialism, drug trafficking, and the martial law era.
• Leonard Wood


  American military officer who served as the Governor-General of the Philippines from 1921 to 1927. He played a significant role in the development and modernization of the Philippines during his tenure.
• Jones Law


  Also known as the Philippine Autonomy Act, was an organic act passed by the United States Congress in 1916. It provided for the establishment of a bicameral Philippine legislature and increased Filipino participation in the government, paving the way for greater self-governance in the Philippines.
• Warren G. Harding


  29th President of the United States, serving from 1921 until his death in 1923. During his presidency, he signed the Philippine Independence Act, also known as the Tydings-McDuffie Act, which provided a framework for the eventual independence of the Philippines.
• Manuel L. Quezon


  Filipino statesman and the first President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines. He played a crucial role in the negotiations for Philippine independence from the United States and laid the foundation for the modern Philippine government.
• Santiago Alvarez


  Filipino revolutionary leader who played a significant role in the Philippine Revolution against Spain. He was one of the key figures in the province of Cavite and fought for Philippine independence.
• Teodoro Agoncillo


  Prominent 20th-century Filipino historian known for promoting a nationalist point of view of Filipino history. He was a leading figure in the Filipino nationalist school of history and advocated for decolonization.
• Ferdinand Marcos


  10th President of the Philippines, serving from 1965 to 1986. His presidency was marked by authoritarian rule and allegations of corruption. He declared martial law in 1972, which lasted until 1981.
• Benigno Aquino Jr.


  Also known as Ninoy Aquino, was a Filipino politician and prominent opposition leader during the Marcos regime. He was assassinated in 1983 upon his return to the Philippines after years of exile, which sparked widespread protests and ultimately led to the downfall of the Marcos regime.