1.1

• galen - a roman who who wanted to find out how the human body worked
• organism: an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form, all living things
• cell- A basic unit of structure and function in living organisms, basic unit of life
• energy - the ability to make things move or change

  ex. plants getting energy from the sun
• nutrients - substances that are needed by living organisms in order to grow, reproduce and function
• metabolism -  the sum of all the different processes that happen in an organism 

  • Includes energy-using & energy-creating
• 6 characteristics of living things

  1. They are made of Cells
  2. They need Energy
  3. They grow and develop
  4. They respond to the environment
  5. They Reproduce
  6. They have adaptations for their environment
• non - living things

  • Although they may have some of the same qualities as living things, they do not have them all
  • They are NOT made of cells (but can have living cells in them)
• cells -

  • Organisms can be made of one cell or millions of cells
  • Cells can also be found in non-living material, such as wood, since the material was alive at one time
• viruses -

  • Viruses are made of protein and genetic material, but they are NOT capable of reproducing on their own
  • So, viruses are NOT considered to be alive
• energy -

  • Everything an organism does requires energy (ex. movement, growth, digestion etc)
  • Plants get their energy from the sun to make their own food
  • Animals get their energy from their food and environment
  • Both obtain nutrients from their food and environment
• chemical processes -

  • Many different chemical processes happen inside cells
  • Some of these processes create energy, and some of them use energy
  • There needs to be a balance of each in order for an organism to stay alive (Metabolism)
• stimulus


  anything that causes a response in an organism
• response


  a reaction to a stimulus
• growth and development

  • Growth is not just about getting bigger - Cells need to be replaced as they wear out and die
  • It also involves change in structure
  • Ex. Our hair, skin, and nails keep replacing themselves, but they do nothing to add to our height
  • As some organisms grow, they change their body shape quite drastically - This is called development
• reproduction -

  • All living things come from other living things
  • Reproduction is not necessary for survival though
  • It is necessary to keep certain types of organisms alive…human race

   
• spontaneous generation - the idea that living things can arise from non-living matter (false)
• structure

  • Parts of an organism that perform specific tasks
• function

  • carries out a specific task or has a specific purpose