Cell and Tissues

• 37.2 Trillion and Beyond Cells
• Cells are the basic unit of life
• Cell Membrane is the gateway to the cell
• Nucleus - the command center
• Cytoplasm - the cellular matrix
• Cell Membrane - guardian of the cell
• Sensory neuron - gateway to perception
• Motor Neuron - Conductor of movement
• Red blood cell - oxygen courier
• White blood cell - guardian of immunity
• sperm cell - architect of fertility
• Ovum - cradle of life
• A tissue is a group of cells that have similar structure and function
• 8 Types of Epithelial Tissues

  1. Simple Squamous (Alveoli)
  2. Simple Cuboidal (Kidney)
  3. Simple Columnar (Stomach)
  4. Transitional (Bladder)
  5. Stratified Squamous (Esophagus)
  6. Stratified Cuboidal (Sweat gland)
  7. Stratified Columnar (Salivary duct)
  8. Pseudostratified Columnar (Trachea)
• Types of Tissue

  1. Epithelial Tissue
  2. Connective Tissue
  3. Nervous Tissue
  4. Muscle Tissue
  5. Bone Tissue
• Connective Tissue - The foundation of support
• Nervous Tissue - The pathways of communication
• Muscle Tissue - The engines of motion
• Bone Tissue - The fortress of protection
• Types of bone tissue

  1. Short bones
  2. Flat bones
  3. Long bones
• Short bones - cancellous bone in the center; compact bone recoating all its peripheral surface
• Flat bones - two thin layers of compact bone; enclosing between them: variable quantity of cancellous bone
• Interstices of the cancellous bone and the medullary cavity in the diaphysis of the long bones are occupied by bone marrow
• The term tissue is used to describe a group of cells that are similar in structure and perform a specific function
• histology is the field of study that involves he microscopic examination of tissue appearance, organization, and function
• Epithelial tissue refers to group of cells that cover the exterior surfaces of the body, line internal cavities and passageways, and form certain glands
• connective tissue binds the cells and organs of the body together
• Muscle tissue contracts forcefully when excited, providing movement
• Nervous tissue is also excitable, allowing for the generation and propagation of electrochemical signals in the form of nerve impulses that communicate between different regions of the body
• the zygote, or fertilized egg, is a single cell formed by the fusion of an egg and sperm cell
• the first embryonic cells generated have the ability to differentiate into any type of cell in the body and, as such, are called omnipotent.
• 3 major lines established within the embryo

  1. ectoderm
  2. mesoderm
  3. endoderm
• a tissue membrane is a thin layer or sheet of cells that either covers the outside of the body, lines the internal body cavity, lines a vessel, or lines a movable joint cavity.
• Mucous membranes line digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts. They are coated with the secretions of mucous glands.
• Serous membranes line body cavities closed to the exterior of the body: the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities.
• Cutaneous membrane, or the skin, covers the body surface.
• Synovial membranes line joint cavities and produce the fluid within the joint.
• Connective Tissue Membranes

  • Synovial Membranes

  
  

  Epithelial Tissue Membranes

  • Mucous membranes
  • Serous membranes
  • Cutaneous membranes
• A connective tissue membrane is built entirely of connective tissue. This type of membrane may be found encapsulating an organ, such as the kidney, or lining the cavity of a freely movable joint (e.g., shoulder). When lining a joint, this membrane is referred to as a synovial membrane. Cells in the inner layer of the synovial membrane release synovial fluid, a natural lubricant that enables the bones of a joint to move freely against one another with reduced friction.
• An epithelial membrane is composed of an epithelial layer attached to a layer of connective tissue. A mucous membrane, sometimes called a mucosa, lines a body cavity or hollow passageway that is open to the external environment. This type of membrane can be found lining portions of the di- gestive, respiratory, excretory, and reproductive tracts. Mucus, produced by uniglandular cells and glandular tissue, coats the epithelial layer. The underlying connective tissue, called the lamina propria (literally "own layer"), helps support the epithelial layer.