Glaciated Landscapes

• Open System


  A system in which matter can enter from or escape to the surroundings.
• Pleistocene


  1.8 million years ago to 11,000 years ago. The Last Ice Age.
• Sublimation


  solid to gas
• Accumulation


  Gaining of ice.
• Polar Glacier


  a glacier of high altitude or high latitude within which the temperature remains below the pressure melting point. Meserve Glacier Antarctica.
• Basal Sliding


  The phenomenon in which meltwater accumulates at the base of a glacier, so that the mass of the glacier slides on a layer of water or on a slurry of water and sediment.
• Albedo


  Ability of a surface to reflect light
• Crevasse


  A deep crack or fissure in the ice of a glacier.
• Extensional flow


  Ice thins out, creating crevasses, due to an increase in the glacier's velocity down a shallow gradient
• Compressional flow


  Ice builds up and thickens due to friction as a glacier travels upwards along a shallow gradient.
• Snout of a glacier


  The end of a glacier at any given point in time.
• Erratic


  Glacially deposited rock that differs from rock native to the surroundings. Yorkshire Dales.
• Arete


  Arêtes form when mountains are eroded by ice and glaciation. When two or more corries form back-to-back, the area in between forms a sharp ridge and is called an Arête. Cwm Crib Goch Snowdonia.
• Corrie


  (Also called cirque) Armchair-shaped hollow in the mountainside formed by glacial erosion, rotational slip and freeze-thaw weathering. This is where the valley glacier begins. When the ice melts, it can leave a small circular lake called a tarn. Cwm Idwal Snowdonia
• Till plain


  A large, relatively flat plain composed of unsorted glacial deposits behind a terminal or end moraine. Low-rolling relief and unclear drainage patterns are characteristic. East Anglia.
• eyot


  a small island in a river
• outwash plain


  area in front of a glacier in which melt water from the glacier has carried & deposited an abundance of sorted material. In front of Athabasca Glacier.
• Esker


  long ridge of material deposited by a meltwater stream flowing beneath a glacier
• kame terrace


  A narrow, terrace-like mass of stratified drift deposited between a glacier and an adjacent valley wall.
• push moraine

  an arc-shaped ridge of rocky debris that is shoved forward by an advancing glacier.
• Roche Mountonnee


  A landform produced by glacial abrasion and plucking that has a shallow slope on one side and a steep slope on the other side. Nant Ffrancon Valley Snowdonia.
• Hummocky moraine


  undulating to rolling accumulation of till usually the melting of stagnant ice
• epoch

  period of time
• lodgement till

  material dropped by actively moving glaciers
• ablation till


  deposits dropped by stagnant or retreating ice