Geography test

Created by

Siyona

Cards (65)

What is meant by Urbanisation?
Urbanisation is the increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas.
What impact does Urbanisation have in the surrounding areas?
Poor air, deforestation and habitat loss
Pros of living in a rural area (countryside)
Better access to nature which can improve your mental health, lower costs of living and less likely to become crime victims
Cons of living in a rural area (countryside)
It can be lonely as there are less people in rural areas than there are in urban areas, it will take longer to travel to daily facilities and medical facilities and there can be environmental dangers like forest fires and fallen trees
Pros of living in an urban area
Convenient access to shops, public transport and strong technology infrastructure
Cons of living in an urban area
Higher cost of living, higher level of pollution and less greenery
How do settlements change over time?
Population growth, economic development and social changes
What is a settlement?
A settlement is a place where people live
How can transport in cities be made more sustainable?
Creating streets and routes that encourage sustainability and encourage more electic vehicles
What is a hamlet?
A small settlement that consists of a few houses isolated from eachother in a rural location
What is a village?
Has a few hundred people in a rural area. Usually has a post office, pub, shops and a village hall.
What is a town?
Has a few thousand people with lots of access to services, railway station, shopping centre in an urban area
What is a city?
Largest type of settlement and population can be in the millions, have a cathedral with lots of access to services and facilities
What is conurbation?
Major urban area with several cities or towns that have merged
Causes of Urbanisation
Caused by rural to urban migration - people might choose to move because there are more job opportunities and then these people have children which increase the population
Push factors
Education
Better housing
Medical care
Wider job opportunities
Pull factors
Lack of employment
Unhappy life
Lack of facilities
Natural disasters
What is a site?
A site describes the point at which the settlement is located
What is a situation?
A situation describes where the settlement is located in relation to surrounding features
Defensive site
Site with a river meander built to protect towns people from attack
Wet point
Located next to a river for water supply
Dry point
Located on high land or hilltop to avoid risk of flooding
Bridging point
Site located close to where the river is shallow enough to be bridged
River mouth
Site located close to a river mouth for water supply
Route centre
Site where all natural routes converge (come together)
Many settlements originated a long time ago. For a settlement to grow it had to have a reason why it was built in the first place. This is called settlement function
Market town
Farmers would by seed, tools and animals from the market. It is important for trade
Industrial towns
Make goods to be sold in factories
Ports
They bring in goods from overseas countries (imports)
Mining towns
Developed to extract coal or other natural resources
Religious/Cultural
Attracting people for educational and religious purposes
Administrative
Developed to control areas
Residential
Where people live but might not work
Land use
Land use is the way the land is used
E.g. housing, business, shops and parks
CBD (Central Business District)
Characteristics: shops, Banks, offices and entertainment
Inner city
Characteristics: terraced housing, corner shops and high rised flats
Inner suburbs
Characteristics: semi detached housing, shopping streets and schools
Outer suburbs!!!!! 
Detached housing, easy access to motorway and schools
Rural/urban fringe
Characteristics: Retail parks, high class housing and lots of private schools
Urban sprawl
The rapid growth of Urbanisation is called urban sprawl