Vitamins

• A,D,E,K

  Fat soluble vitamins
• B,C

  Water Soluble vitamins
• Sources of Retinol vit a

  Egg yolk

  Butter

  Oily fish

  Margarine
• Functions of Retinol vit a 


  Production of rhodopsin

  Maintains healthy membrane linings eg eye

  Healthy skin and hair

  Regulates growth
• Defiency of Retinol vit a

  Night blindness

  Xerophthalmia-eye infection

  Retarded growth

  Dry mucous membranes
• Properties of Retinol vit a

  Yellow fat soluble alcohol

  Insoluble in water

  Heat stable but destroyed by prolonged high temperatures

  Destroyed by oxygen when exposed to light and air
• RDA of Retinol vit a

  700 ug(micrograms)
• Sources of Beta Carotene vit a

  Carrots

  Tomatoes

  Spinach

  Cabbage

  Deep orange fruit and veg
• Functions of Beta Carotene vit a

  Healthy membrane linings

  Antioxidant protects body and helps prevent CHD
• Properties of Beta Carotene vit a

  Fat soluble

  Insoluble in water

  Heat stable

  Effective antioxidant
• Vitamin D3 - Cholecalciferol

  Found mainly in animal foods. Created by the action of the suns UV light on skin. The sunlight converts the 7-dehydrocholesterol in skin to vitamin D3
• Vitamin D2 - Ergocalciferol

  Produced by the action of UV light on fungi and yeasts. It is used in vitamin supplements
• Sources of Vitamin D

  Sunlight

  Dairy products- Milk

  Oily fish

  Eggs

  Margarine
• Properties of vitamin D

  White crystalline solid

  Insoluble in water

  Fat soluble

  Heat stable ~ unaffected by cooking and heat treatments

  Unaffected by oxidation alkalis and acids
• RDA of vitamin D

  7-10ug
• Sources of Vitamin E

  Vegetable oils

  Eggs

  Margarine

  Wheat germ

  Cereals
• Functions of vitamin E

  Powerful antioxidant prevents vitamin a from oxidation in the body

  May help prevents some cancers and CHD
• Defiency of vitamin E

  Rare as small amounts are required
• Function of Vitamin K

  Essential for normal blood clotting
• Defiency of vitamin K

  Blood takes longer to clot

  Rare- haemorrhaging
• Haemorrhaging

  Possibility in a newborn baby because diet lacks vitamin K and may not have began to make vitamin K
• Sources of Vitamin K

  Liver

  Cereals

  Fish

  Green veg

  Synthesised by bacteria in the gut
• Properties of vitamin K

  Fat soluble

  Insoluble in water

  Heat stable & depleted by exposure to light
• Vitamin B1

  Thiamine
• Vitamin B2

  Riboflavin
• Vitamin B6

  Pyrodoxine
• Vitamin B12

  Cobalamin
• Vitamin K

  Naphto- quinones
• Vitamin E

  Tocopherol
• Vitamin b1 thiamine functions

  Essential for release of energy from carbohydrate

  Normal growth and development

  Needed for healthy nerve muscle functioning
• Defiency of B1

  Fatigue depression irritatibility

  Loss of appetite

  Beri Beri
• Beri Beri

  Disorder which affects nerve and muscle function. Defiency of thiamine. It is common where polished rice is the staple diet. The refining process removes majority of thiamine. Symptoms include loss of apetite
• Sources of Thiamine B1

  Eggs

  Yeast

  Cereals

  Small amounts synthesised in small intestine
• Properties of b1

  Water soluble

  Very unstable lost @high temperatures

  Destroyed by alkalis and UV light

  Lost in milling flour, leaching in cooking liquids
• RDA of b1

  1 mg per day

  Requirement increases with energy expenditure
• Riboflavin B2 Functions

  Release of energy From proteins fats and carbohydrates

  Healthy mucous membranes-mouth

  Healthy skin hair and nails
• Defiency of B2

  Lack of energy& fatigue

  Dermatitis and skin rashes

  Sore cracked lips and tongue

  Eye disorders

  Retarded growth
• Sources of B2

  Beef

  Offal

  Milk

  Eggs

  Cheese
• Properties of B2

  Water soluble

  Unstable at high temperatures

  Sensitive to light

  Destroyed by alkalis
• RDA of B2

  1-1.5 mg per day