memory

• what are the stages of cognitive interview?

  report everything , reinstate context, reverse order , changed perspective
• who made the cognitive interview?

  Fisher and Geiselman
• negatives of the cognitive interview?

  time consuming ,requires special training , increases inaccurate information up to 61% (kohnken et al)
• positives of cognitive interviews?

  increases credibility , kohnken meta analysis showed more consistency
• loftus and palmer leading questions study?

  participants watched a car crash and asked a question where the intensity of the verb changed
• gabbert's study on post event discussion ?


  participants watch a crime from different perspectives and discuss what they saw , 71% included information they did not see
• what is retrieval failure?


  Inability to recall information from memory due to insufficient cues
• what is context-dependant forgetting?

  when the environment during recall is different to environment during learning
• godden and baddely context dependant forgetting study?

  sea divers retrieval decreased 40% with non-matching conditions
• what is state-dependant forgetting?

  when you are in a different physical or physiological state when recalling compared to when learning
• carter and cassady state dependant study?

  antihistamines cause drowsiness, creating a difference in states and decreasing retrieval
• what is interference?


  when two memories conflict recall of each other
• what is proactive interference ?


  older memory interferers with a newer one
• what is retroactive interference ?

  when a newer memory interferes with an older one
• what is the central executives role?

  allocates items to slave systems
• what is the phonological loop?

  auditory store , has the articulatory process allowing maintenance rehearsal
• what is the visuo-spatial sketchpad?


  stores visual and spatial information , visual cache and inner scribe
• what is the episodic buffer?

  temporary store , links memory to perception
• Baddely's study supporting working memory model?

  dual task performance , more difficulty doing 2 visual tasks rather than visual and verbal , meaning no competition between slave systems
• what is episodic long term memory ?

  conscious recall from our lives , explict
• what is semantic long term memory?

  General knowledge and facts stored in memory , conscious and explict
• what is procedural long term memory?

  actions and skills , unconscious and implict
• sensory register?


  coding = attention

  duration = 0.5 secs

  capacity = high
• STM?


  duration = 8-30s

  capacity = 7 +/- 2

  coding = acoustically
• LTM?


  capacity = unlimited

  duration = unlimited

  coding = semantically
• who came up with the MSM?

  Attkinson and shiffrin
• evidence that stm+ltm are separate?

  glanzer asked participants to recall word lists in any order , recall was higher for the words at beginning and end
• evidence for coding in the stm/ltm?


  baddley gave four 10 word lists to groups

  a=acoustically similar

  b=acoustically disimilar

  c=semantically similar

  d=semantically disimilar

  recall was worst for A and after 20 mins for D