P1 - Energy

• Energy stores


  - Kinetic

  - Magnetic

  - Chemical

  - Thermal

  - Nuclear

  - Electrostatic

  - Elastic potential

  - Gravitational potential
• Energy transfers


  - Mechanical (Movement of particles like sound)

  - Electrical (Movement of electrons like current)

  - Electromagnetic (Waves in the spectrum)

  - Heating
• Kinetic energy


  0.5 x mass x velocity^2
• Gravitational potential


  mass x gravitational field strength x height
• Elastic potential


  0.5 x spring constant x extension^2
• Spring constant


  force/extension
• Work


  Energy transfer that takes place when an object is moved by a force. Measured in Joules
• Power


  Rate of doing work

  Energy/time
• Reducing energy losses


  - Insulation

  - Lubrication

  - Double glazing
• Reliable energy


  - Biofuels

  - Oil

  - Solar

  - Geothermal

  - Gas

  - Coal

  - Nuclear

  - Tidal

  - Hydroelectric
• Non - reliable energy

  - Wind

  - Wave
• Thermal conductivity


  Tells the number of watts that a 1 metre thickness conducts if there is a 1 degree Celsius difference across it.
• Specific heat capacity


  Amount of energy in joules that 1kg of a substance needs for its temperature to be raised by 1 degree Celsius.
• Change in thermal energy (equation)

  Mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change
• High specific heat capacity


  Water
• Low specific heat capacity


  Metals