chemical reactions

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ava studdart

Cards (26)

Physical change 
A change in the physical properties of a substance without any change in its chemical composition
Salt
A compound formed by the reaction of an acid and a base
Combustion 
A chemical reaction in which a substance reacts with oxygen to give heat, light, and various reaction products
Displacement reaction 
A reaction in which one element takes the place of another element in a compound
Endothermic reaction 
A reaction that absorbs heat from the surroundings
Exothermic reaction 
A reaction that releases heat to the surroundings
What is a physical change?
usually a reversible change in the physical properties such as size or shape
How can we identify a chemical reaction
Colour changes, temperature changes, fizzing
How do we represent chemical reactions?
When one or more substances change and produce one or more new chemical substances
How do we balance symbol equation?
Write the correct formulas for all the reactants and products
2. Count the number of atoms of each type appearing on both sides
3. Balance the elements one at a time by adding coefficients (big numbers in front of elements of compounds)
4. Check to make sure it is balanced.
What are the general equations for the reactions between metals / metal oxides / metal hydroxides and metal carbonates with acids?
Metal + Acid: Salt + Hydrogen gas Metal Oxide + Acid: Salt + Water Metal Hydroxide + Acid: Salt + Water Metal Carbonate + Acid: Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
How do we name salts?
The first name comes from the metal and the second from the acid used
What are the main stages in the method to produce dry, soluble salt
crystals?
Stage 1- The reaction between metal / metal compound and the acid to produce a solution containing the salt and water
Stage 2-The separation of any excess metal / metal compound from the salt solution using filtration
Stage 3-The separation of the water and the dissolved salt using evaporation to produce dry salt crystals
What is oxidation? 
The addition of oxygen to a compound
What is reduction? 
The removal of oxygen
What is combustion? 
When a fuel combines with oxygen releasing heat energy
What are the conditions for complete combustion?
Adequate oxygen
What are the conditions for incomplete combustion?
limited supply of oxygen
General equation for complete combustion
Fuel + oxygen: carbon dioxide+ water
What is the general equation for incomplete combustion?
fuel + oxygen: carbon dioxide + water
Test for hydrogen  
lit splint squeaky pop
Test for carbon dioxide
Bubble gas through limewater, if carbon dioxide is present the limewater will turn cloudy
Test for oxygen gas  
Place a glowing splint in a test tube containing oxygen gas, if oxygen is present the glowing splint will re light
What is thermal decomposition?
The chemical breakdown of a compound using heat energy
What is a catalyst?  
A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up or chemically changed
What is a displacement reaction?
When a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from a compound