Cells

• Organisms


  Can be Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes
• Cells


  Can be either Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
• Eukaryotic cells


  • Are organisms that are made up of organelles
• Prokaryote


  A single-celled organism
• Subcellular structures in most animal cells

  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Cell membrane
  • Mitochondria
  • Ribosomes
• Nucleus


  • Contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell
• Cytoplasm


  • Gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen, contains enzymes that control these chemical reactions
• What doe the cell membranedo

  • Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
• What does the mitochondriado?

  • Where most of the reactions for cellular respiration take place, respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work
• Ribosomes


  • Where proteins are made in the cell
• Additional structures in plant cells

  • Rigid cell wall
  • Permanent vacuole
  • Chloroplasts
• Rigid cell wall


  • Made of cellulose, supports and strengthens the cell
• Permanent vacuole


  • Contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugars and salts
• Chloroplasts


  • Where photosynthesis occurs, which makes food for the plant, contain chlorophyll that absorbs light needed for photosynthesis
• Bacterial cells are much smaller
• Bacterial cell

  • Doesn't have chloroplasts or mitochondria
  • Has a single circular strand of DNA that floats freely in the cytoplasm
  • May contain small rings of DNA called plasmids
• Nucleus


  The largest and most prominent structure in the cell, containing the genetic material (DNA) that controls the cell's activities. Acts as the "control center" of the cell.
• Mitochondria


  The "powerhouses" of the cell, responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP. They contain their own DNA and can replicate independently of the cell.
• Cytoplasm


  The jelly-like substance that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles. It is where most of the cell's metabolic reactions take place.
• Cell membrane


  The outer boundary of the cell, a thin, flexible barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings and regulates the movement of materials in and out of the cell.
• Ribosomes

  Tiny, spherical structures responsible for protein synthesis. They can be found floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.