newspapers

• what are two national left-wing papers and what proprietor ownership do they have?

  The Guardian and Scott's trust

  Daily Mirror and Reach PLC
• identify three genre conventions of newspaper websites

  hyperlinks, below the line comments

  multimedia content

  user-generated content
• what does free press mean?

  the principle that communication and expression should be excessed freely.
• what does populism mean?

  news that is designed to be the hard truth but instead what the readers want to hear. The core principle is to target as many people as possible.
• what does the news value "negativity" mean?

  stories with negative or unexpected consequences tend to attract more attention and are considered more newsworthy.
• what does the news value "exclusivity" mean?

  If a newspaper is the first and only news organisation breaking a story, then they will rate that very highly.
• when was the daily mail established?

  1896
• when was the guardian established?

  1821
• who are the editors of the daily mail online?

  Ted Verity
• who were the first editors of the daily mail?

  Harold and Alfred Hamsworth
• what ideology does the daily mail have?

  Facist ideology
• who is the current and newest owner of the daily mail?

  Jonathan Ruthermere
• who is the chief editor of the guardian?

  Katharine Viner
• how much does a newspaper from the guardian cost?

  £2.50
• how much does the daily mail newspaper cost?

  £0.50
• what is the guardian's ethos?

  Fearless Independent Journalism
• define the term tabloidisation


  A contemporary shift of focus in journalism away from hard news and serious factual information and toward soft news and entertainment. 
• what policies do left-wing viewers have?

  • equality
  • debate rather than violence
  • open minded
  • progressive views
  • multicultural
  • welfare for those In need
  • spending money on public services
• Broadsheets:

  • more formal and serious tone
  • emphasis on in-depth news coverage, analysis, and investigate journalism.
  • longer articles with detailed information and extensive reporting.
  • focus on politics, business, international affairs, and cultural topics.
  • less reliance on visual elements, with a higher text-to-image ratio.
  • a formal language register and sometimes using specialised jargon.
  • targeted towards educated, affluent, and professional readers.
• Tabloids:

  • more sensational and attention-grabbing headlines.
  • emphasis on human-interest stories, entertainment, and celebrity gossip.
  • shorter articles with concise and straightforward language.
  • more visually-orientated, with larger and eye-catching photographs.
  • coverage of popular culture, sports, and local news.
  • a much more informal language register - targeted towards a mass audience, including a broad range of readers.
• mid-market:

  • mix of serious news reporting and lighter, human-interest stories.
  • balanced approach to new coverage, catering to a specific middle-market audience.
  • eye-catching headlines and visuals, although not a sensational as tabloids.
  • coverage of a wider range of topics, including politics, lifestyle, and entertainment.
  • targeted towards readers seeking news as information and news as entertainment.
• drawbacks of online news for producers/audiences?

  • the rapid distribution of online news can make it easier for misinformation/fake news to spread, leading to confusion among readers.
  • some online news platforms rely on clickbait-style headlines and sensationalised content to attract readers, which can prioritise popularity over accuracy and balanced reporting.
  • online platforms - encourage audience participation, nature of quick comments & social media interactions can sometimes result in shallow engagement, lacking in-depth analysis and meaningful discourse.
• Daily Mail:

  • Right-wing conservative
  • believes in traditionalistic, very patriotic meaning - upholding British values
  • fixed views on crime, migration
  • 52% ABC1 with an average age of 58 years old. Most Daily Mail readers are female, middle-class.
• Regulation of Daily Mail:

  • Daily Mail/Mail Online both regulated by IPSO (Independent Press Standards Organisation) IPSO investigates complaints and publishes rulings on its website.
  • Due to participatory culture on MailOnline, where user-generated content is abundant, not all online content is regulated by IPSO.
• Regulation of The Guardian:

  • the Guardian has chosen not to sign up with IPSO or IMPRESS. Instead, they employ self-regulation by having independent individuals review any complaints as they arise.
  • The Guardian abides by the readers' editor - a code of conduct and platform which they must follow and where audiences can make complaints.
• who is the regulator of The Guardian?

  Elisabeth Ribbans
• The Guardian:

  • left leaning - labour
  • progressive newspaper - views are more socialist about collective responsibility rather than individualism.
  • mantra of independent fearless journalism
  • 70% ABC1 audience with an average age of 47 years old.
  • known as 'champagne socialists' hold pro-liberal values including concerns for social/economic issues yet sense of hypocrisy as they are very rich themselves.
• The Guardian: news coverage

  • 'opinion section' features wide range of perspectives & viewpoints, providing diverse voices and alternative narratives.
  • provides 'live coverage' of significant events such as the queen's death, offering real-time updates
  • The Guardian's coverage of social justice issues, gender equality and racial diversity, reflective of the newspapers mantra of promoting inclusivity and addressing systematic inequalities.
  • delves into political events extensively.
• Daily Mail: Ownership

  • The Daily Mail has a Proprietor ownership
  • Jonathan Hamsworth is currently the majority shareholder
  • means there is a person or company, that has sole control over a company, and pays the taxes, etc...
  • means the company is expected to turn profit for this owner, so will aim to bring in a large revenue.
• The Guardian: Ownership

  • The Guardian has a trust ownership
  • this means a 'board of directors' represent a variety of voices
  • this model of ownership means there is trust in the control of the company, do not interfere in editorial issues or hiring journalists
  • Scott's trust does not emphasise 'profit' hence journalists have a place for 'fearless independent journalism'
• The Guardian: Regulation


  • operates a unique self-regulation system for handling complaints and maintaining editorial standards. this is due to their 'fearless independent journalism' ethos.
  • self-regulation systems of The Guardian is overseen by readers' editor (Elisabeth Ribbans) who is responsible for addressing complaints against the paper.
• The Daily Mail: Regulation


  • regulated by the IPSO - a reactive model of regulation where audiences can file complaints as a result of journalists breaking specific rules from the code of conduct
  • participatory content (BTL comments) is not regulated, therefore producers must filter, edit and remove offensive, inappropriate content.
  • audiences can post anonymously thereby audiences must be their own 'gatekeepers' - this process of self-regulation is often very subjective.