Features of science

• Features of Science


  Include objectivity, empirical method, replicability, falsifiability, theory construction, hypothesis testing, paradigms
• Objectivity

  Unbiased observation and interpretation of data
• Empirical Method


  Relying on evidence from direct observation or experience
• Replicability


  Ability to repeat a research study and obtain similar results
• Falsifiability


  Ability to be proven false through observation or experimentation
• Theory Construction


  Developing explanations for observed phenomena
• Hypothesis Testing

  Experimentally evaluating predictions derived from theories
• Paradigms


  Dominant theories or frameworks guiding research
• Scientific Objectivity


  Maintaining impartiality and neutrality in research
• Precise Hypotheses


  Clearly defined hypotheses for testing theories
• Falsification in Science


  Demonstrating a theory's potential for being proven false
• Predictive Power of Theories


  Ability to predict future behavior based on theories
• Nomothetic Approach


  Generalizing principles to the entire population
• Idiographic Approach


  Focusing on individual or small group behavior
• Scientific Paradigms in Psychology

  Frameworks guiding psychological research and theories
• Behaviorism


  Psychological theory focusing on observable behaviors
• Reductionist Biological Theories

  Explaining behavior by reducing it to biological components
• Ethical Dilemma in Research


  Conflicts between research goals and ethical considerations
• Nature vs. Nurture Debate

  Controversy over the influence of genetics versus environment on behavior
• Free Will in Human Behavior


  Unique human ability to make choices independently
• Ethical Use of Animals in Research

  Employing animals in studies to address ethical concerns in human research
• Scientific Testing Constraints


  Challenges in isolating variables for ethical or practical reasons