Ethical guidelines

• Ethics


  Science of morals, socially defined rules of behavior
• Sentient Beings


  Living things capable of experiencing pain, fear, etc.
• BPS Ethical Guidelines


  Set of principles by BPS and APA for psychologists
• Confidentiality


  Participant information kept private, not identifiable
• Protection of Participants


  Primary duty to safeguard participants from harm
• Privacy in Observational Research

  Respect participants' privacy during observations
• Giving Advice


  Providing guidance to participants when necessary
• Responsibility to Discuss Research with Colleagues

  Obligation to share and discuss research findings
• General Consideration of Ethics First

  Ethical considerations precede research decisions
• Informed Consent


  Participants fully understand and agree to research
• Deception


  Misleading participants should be avoided, debrief if used
• Debriefing


  Explaining research purpose and addressing concerns post-study
• Withdrawal from the Investigation


  Participants can exit research at any time, data destruction
• Withdrawal Right


  Participants can withdraw from research at any time
• Intentional Deception


  Misleading participants should have strong justification
• Protection from Harm


  Duty to prevent physical and mental harm to participants
• Consent


  Participants fully understand and agree to research terms
• Special Safeguarding Procedures


  Extra measures for participants unable to give real consent
• Longitudinal Research Consent


  Consent may need to be obtained multiple times in long-term studies
• Legislation Requirements for Confidentiality


  Participant information is confidential as per laws
• Data Protection Act


  Legislation protecting individuals' data privacy
• Anonymity


  Protecting participant identities from being disclosed.
• Ethical Responsibility


  Shared duty among investigators, collaborators, and assistants to treat participants ethically.
• Observational Research


  Studies based on observing individuals while respecting their privacy and well-being.
• Gonorrhoea


  Example scenario where an investigator may need to inform a participant of potential health risks.
• Ethical Issues Resolution


  Methods like ethical guidelines, debriefing, cost-benefit analysis, ethical committees, and alternative methods.
• Cost-Benefit Analysis


  Weighing research costs (e.g., harm) against benefits (knowledge gain) with potential subjective judgments.
• Ethical Committees


  Groups evaluating research proposals for ethical considerations and balancing costs and benefits.
• Presumptive Consent


  Seeking approval from the public before an experiment, assuming participants would agree.
• Role Play


  Engaging participants to act out scenarios, though it may lack reliability.
• Case Study


  In-depth examination of an individual or group, like the study on Peter's memory capacity.
• Short-Term Memory (STM)


  Memory system holding limited information briefly, as tested in Peter's case.
• Long-Term Memory (LTM)


  Memory system storing information for extended periods, found normal in Peter's case.
• Ethical Issue (Peter's Case)


  Potential concerns like consent or well-being in studies, requiring proper handling by psychologists.
• Application of BPS Guidelines

  Utilizing BPS guidelines to ensure ethical practices in psychological research.