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Biology
Bio Paper 1
Bioenergetics
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Cards (56)
Aerobic respiration
A form of respiration that uses
oxygen
to release energy from molecules like
glucose
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Aerobic respiration
Represented by the following word equation:
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Anaerobic respiration
A form of respiration that releases energy from molecules like
glucose
without using
oxygen
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Anaerobic respiration
Represented by the following word equation:
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Cellular respiration
An exothermic reaction which is continuously occurring in living cells
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Inverse proportion
A relationship between two values where as one value
increases
, the other value
decreases
at the same rate
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Inverse square law
As the distance from a light source
increases
, the light intensity is inversely proportional to the
distance squared
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Inverse square law
Given by the following equation:
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Limiting factor
A factor that
limits
the rate of a
reaction
when there is not enough of it
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Metabolism
The sum of all the reactions in a
cell
or the
body
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Oxygen debt
The amount of extra
oxygen
the body needs after exercise to react with the accumulated
lactic acid
and remove it from the cells
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Photosynthesis
The process by which plants make
glucose
from
sunlight
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Photosynthesis
An endothermic reaction in which energy is transferred from the environment to the
chloroplasts
by
light
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Endothermic
reaction
Energy is transferred from the environment to the
chloroplasts
by
light
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Photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide + water →
glucose
+
oxygen
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Factors affecting rate of photosynthesis
Temperature
Light
intensity
Carbon dioxide
concentration
Amount of
chlorophyll
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Measuring oxygen production to calculate rate of photosynthesis
1.
Pondweed
in test tube
2.
Capillary
tube and syringe
3.
Lamp
at measured distance
4. Measure distance
bubble
moves to calculate
oxygen
volume
5. Control variables except
independent
variable
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Limiting factor
An environmental condition (such as light intensity) which, in low levels,
restricts
any increase in the rate of
photosynthesis
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Graphs showing limiting factors
One line
levelling off showing one limiting factor
Two
lines showing two limiting factors
Three lines
showing three limiting factors
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Farmers can use knowledge of
limiting
factors to enhance greenhouse conditions for greater rate of
photosynthesis
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Inverse proportion
Relationship where one factor
increases
as another
decreases
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Inverse square law
Light intensity is
inversely
proportional to the square of the
distance
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Uses of glucose from photosynthesis
For
respiration
Converted into
insoluble starch
for storage
To produce
fat
or
oil
for storage
To produce
cellulose
to strengthen
cell walls
Combined with
nitrates
to form
amino acids
which produce proteins
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Respiration
The process of
transferring energy
from
glucose
so living processes can occur
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Exothermic
Energy is
transferred
to the environment
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Types of respiration
Aerobic
(with oxygen)
Anaerobic
(without oxygen)
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Anaerobic respiration in animals
Glucose
→
Lactic acid
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Anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast
Glucose
→
Ethanol
+ Carbon dioxide
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Oxygen debt
The amount of extra
oxygen
the body needs after exercise to react with the accumulated
lactic acid
and remove it from the cells
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Metabolism
The sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body, controlled by
enzymes
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Metabolic reactions
Glucose
to
starch
, glycogen and cellulose
Glycerol and
fatty acids
to
lipids
Glucose
and nitrate to amino acids and
proteins
Respiration
reactions
Urea
forming from
protein breakdown
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Photosynthetic Reaction
Carbon dioxide + water →
glucose
+
oxygen
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Photosynthesis
Process through which plants produce
glucose
using
sunlight
Endothermic reaction where energy moves from surroundings to
chloroplasts
via
light
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As light intensity increases
Rate of
photosynthesis
increases
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As temperature increases
Rate of photosynthesis
increases
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As carbon dioxide concentration increases
Rate of
photosynthesis
increases
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If chlorophyll amount decreases
Rate of photosynthesis
decreases
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Limiting factor
Environmental condition (such as light intensity) which, in low levels, limits any
increase
in the rate of
photosynthesis
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Despite increases in other factors, the rate of photosynthesis will not
increase
any more if a
limiting
factor is present
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Understanding
limiting factors
enables farmers to optimize greenhouse conditions, increasing the rate of
photosynthesis
and consequently, maximising growth and profits
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