mitosis + meiosis

• what is mitosis used for?

  growth and repair, asexual reproduction
• what term is used for each molecule of DNA?

  chromosome
• what joins two chromatids?

  Centromere
• during interphase DNA combines with proteins called histones to form chromatin
• type C?

  C

  
• where can dividing cells easily be obtained?

  growing root tips
• what stage of mitosis is this?

  metaphase

  
• what stage of mitosis is this?

  telophase

  
• what stage of mitosis is this?

  anaphase

  
• what stage of mitosis is this?

  prophase

  
• what does mitosis create?

  Two identical diploid daughter cells
• what happens in prophase?

  Chromosomes condense and become visible, the nuclear membrane breaks down, and the centrioles create spindle fibres.
• what happens in metaphase?

  chromosomes align along the metaphase plate, spindle fibres attach to centromere
• what happens in anaphase?

  spindle fibres shorten and move towards centrioles, pulling the chromatids to the opposite poles. this requires ATP
• what happens in telophase?

  nuclear membrane reforms
• cytokinesis?

  cytoplasm splits into two genetically identical cells
• what does meiosis create?

  four genetically different haploid daughter cells
• what introduced the genetic differences in meiosis?

  independent assortment and crossing over
• c?

  c

  
• c?

  c

  
• stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can divide to produce more undifferentiated cells and become specialised
• totipotent cells?

  divide and produce any type of body cells
• pluripotent cells?

  become any type of human cell but not embryonic tissue (placenta)
• multipotent cells?

  become a small range of cells (bone marrow can only divide to become blood cells)
• unipotent cells?

  differentiate into one type of cell