Particles

• Density is how much mass in a given volume. The more particles the higher the density
• Density(kg/m^3)= mass(kg)/volume(m^3)
• Objects float if they are less dense than water
• Everything is made up of particle. The three states off matter are solid,liquid, and gass. They all have different properties due the the arrangement and movement of particles
• Solids have particles that are heald tightly together by strong forces. The particles vibrate around there fixed possitions. Solids have a definate shape and volume. Solids are dense and cannot be compressed easily because the oartilces are held tightly together.they have the least amount if energy
• A liquid can flow because the particles can move passed echother. The particles are still held closely together. Liquids are dense and they cannot be compressed easily. A liquid can change its shape but not its volume
• Gases have particles that are far apart from one another with lots of space between them. Gases have no definite shape or volume. Gas particles move very quickly and randomly. Gases are compressible so when pressure increases the gas gets squashed into smaller spaces.
• As you heat a gas the particles will move more quickly
• Energy is stored inside a system by the particles that make up a system this is called internal energy
• Internal energy is the total kinetic and potential energy of the particles in a system.
• Solid to liquid is melting

  liquid to Gas is evaporating

  gas to liquid is condensation

  liquid to solid is freezing

  solid to gas is sublimation

  gas to solid is deposition
• Before a change of state energy gose into raising the temperature of the substance
• While the state is changing the temperature of the material stays constant this is because energy gose into breaking the bonds
• The specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree
• Heating substance changes the internal energy (ke and gpe of the particles) of the substance by increasing the energy of its particles. As a result the themperature of the substance increases or the substance changes its state
• The specific laten heat of a substance is the amount of energy required to change the state of 1kg of the substance with no change in temperature
• E = mxL
• Soli to liquid is specific laten heat of fusion

  liquid to gas is specific laten heat of vaporisation
• Pressure in a gas is caused by the random movement of particles hitting yhe walls of the container.
• Ballons get bigger because more air means more particles and the more particles the more collisions there are with the walls of the ballon and more collisions means a higher force on the walls of the ballon
• Increasing the temperature of a gas which is kept in a sealed container increases the kinetic energy of the particles, therefore the pressure increases