observations

• gatekeeper

  • key informantnt
• participant

  • observer involved
• non-participant


  • observer not involved
• covert


  • hide identity
• overt


  • don't hide identity
• practical

  ❌time consuming, dangerous, acceptance not easy, hard to act natural
• ethical

  ❌deception
• theoretical

  ✅validity

  ❌not reliable, hard to quantify
• examples


  • New York City drug gang
  • The Tearoom Trade: Laud Humphrey's
  • Black like me: Griffin