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• 4 benefits of new technology to industry?

  - Better efficiency -> cut costs

  -> quicker release of products to market

  - Less human error

  - Easier manipulation of information/logistics
• How is unemployment caused by new technologies?

  Unemployment can be caused by new technology performing better than a lower skilled workforce. With robotics, factories can be opened for longer, quality's improved and its safer.
• 3 advantages of countries gaining people?

  - Labour shortages can be overcome

  - Migrants are often prepared to take lower paid jobs

  - Adds cultural diversity
• What is demographic movement?

  Demographic movement is the way in which a population's structure alters an changes, eg due to an aging population.
• Who are decisions made by in private businesses?

  The owner
• Advantage of private businesses? (regarding technology)

  Often flexible to adopt, adapt and exploit new technologies.
• Disadvantage of private businesses? (regarding technology)

  May not have funds to invest in cutting edge manufacturing equipment.
• What is an enterprise?


  a business, particularly one started by someone who shows initiative by taking risk setting up, investing in and running it.
• What is crowd funding and how does it help technology?

  Crowd funding allows new products to be launched. Many people donate online to bring a product to life. Has to managed appropriately though to succeed.
• What is government funding?

  Government Funding is available to new businesses that will contribute to the economy.
• What are not-for-profit organisations?

  Not-for-profit organisations reinvest money in new technologies to help their cause. For eg Charity: Water Aid worked with Google to identify water flow at its projects.
• How can companies reduce transportation costs?

  Use electric vehicles

  Fewer journeys

  Lighter/compact products
• How does the government encourage reduction of pollution?

  Carbon tax

  Subsidies
• What are the 4 R's?

  Reduce, reuse, recycle, recover
• What is crowd funding?

  a method of raising funds from many people for an enterprise via online platforms
• What is sustainability?


  The ability to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
• Advantage of emerging technologies on children?

  improve academic and practical skills, e.g. Minecraft offers more creative learning opportunities than traditional toys
• Disadvantage of emerging technologies on children?

  Could spend more time on electronics rather than socialising and keeping fit
• What is pollution?


  the release of contaminating substances that are likely to harm the natural environment.
• What is recycling?


  the process converting waste material into other usable products, such as glass bottles made from recycled glass.
• Consumer:


  a person who uses goods and services
• What is culture?


  The way a group of people behave, dress, eat and live. Can be influenced by anything from religion, tradition and history to local food sources, climate and artistic expression
• How does social integration have an impact on technology?

  Minority populations that live in clusters causes social segregation. Could create social barriers, and limit education, jobs and technologies
• 3 examples of how technology is changing society

  - Change in working hours and shift patterns

  - Internet of Things

  - Remote working
• How is technology causing a change in working hours?

  Due to accessibility of work through the internet, maximising the work potential of a person.
• Why are materials seperated?

  It means fewer useful materials are sent to landfill sites or scrap
• Ways to reduce transport costs?

  - Produce products locally

  - Reduce package sizes

  - Reduce overall volumes of products
• What is the standardised design and components technique?

  - The same components or modular systems are used across many designs

  - Usually an individual part, manufactured in large numbers, to an internationally accepted standard.
• What is Just-In-Time production?

  Computerised stock control ensures that parts are only received when they are needed in the production process and go straight to the production site rather than being stored
• What is lean manufacturing?

  Reducing or eliminating waste in design, manufacturing distribution and customer services
• What is batch production?

  A set number of products are manufactured that are made in limited quantities or for a limited time
• What is continuous production?

  Manufacturing of identical high demand products, 24 hours a day
• What is one-off production?


  A single unique product made by skilled workers
• What is mass production?

  - Efficiently and consistently producing many products at a low cost per unit

  - Often automated with parts added in sequence
• What is ethics?


  Balancing behaviour with moral principles when carrying out an activity
• What should fairtraders do? (4 things)

  - Use raw materials from sustainable sources

  - Try to buy materials locally

  - Reduce energy consumption (eg renewables)

  - Minimise waste to the environment
• Four considerations about "Who will benefit?"

  - Use raw materials from sustainable sources

  - Try to buy materials locally

  - Reduce energy consumption (eg renewables)

  - Minimise waste to the environment
• Three considerations about "Who made it?"

  - Hiring low-paid workers in LEDC's leads to child labour and other exploitation

  - Workers' rights should be a big priority

  - Health and safety should be checked in factory locations
• Two considerations about "Where was it made?"

  - Cheap labour in other countries: saves costs, exploits workers

  - New technologies may produce less pollution and waste
• Whch materials should designers opt to use if they want to be environmentally friendly?

  - Designers should select materials that are recyclable, lighter and less toxic.